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根据2011年5月—2012年4月进行的9个航次(月份)的底拖网调查,研究了莱州湾水域三疣梭子蟹的生物学特征、数量分布以及环境因子的影响.结果表明:莱州湾三疣梭子蟹生物量密度的月间排序为9月>10月>7月>8月>6月>11月>3月>5月>4月.其中1龄以下个体占绝对优势,2011年7—10月4个航次所占比例平均值为86.1%.9个航次中,三疣梭子蟹的体质量、头胸甲宽及头胸甲长的平均值均以8月最高、4月最低.7—11月,雌、雄个体肥满度均以8月最高,分别为1.030和1.023,7月最低,雌雄均为1.007;雌雄个体肥满度的性别差异不显著.除6—8月外,其他月份性比(雌/雄)均小于1.0.莱州湾三疣梭子蟹5—7月主要集中在黄河口、龙口近岸,8—9月以潍坊及龙口近海密度最高,11月至翌年4月主要集中在湾口深水区.Pearson相关分析表明,莱州湾三疣梭子蟹数量分布与表层水温、溶解氧和水深的相关性最高,其次为盐度和浮游动物密度,与浮游植物密度及其他底层渔业生物个体数的相关性最低.与1981年同期对比,2011年莱州湾三疣梭子蟹的头胸甲长显著降低.建议适当降低捕捞强度,提高捕捞规格,进一步加强三疣梭子蟹增殖基础的研究,提出更加合理的增殖放流数量,以利于三疣梭子蟹资源的可持续利用.
Based on the bottom trawl survey of 9 voyages (month) carried out from May 2011 to April 2012, the biological characteristics, quantity distribution and environmental factors of Portunus trituberculatus in Laizhou Bay waters were studied.The results showed that: The monthly order of biomass density of Portunus trituberculatus was September> October> July> August> June> November> March> May> April, in which the individuals under the age of 1 were dominant, The average value of 4 voyages in October was 86.1% .In 9 voyages, the average body weight, carapace width and carapace length of Portunus trituberculatus were the highest in August and the lowest in April.7- In November, the fatness of female and male were the highest in August, 1.030 and 1.02 respectively, the lowest in July, with the male and female being 1.007 respectively. There was no significant gender difference in male and female individual fatness except for June-August The monthly ratio (female / male) was less than 1.0. Laizhou Bay Portunus trituberculatus 5-7 months mainly in the Yellow River estuary, Longkou nearshore, August-September Weifang and Longkou near sea density highest in November to April the following year the main Concentrated in the Bayou deepwater area.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the number distribution of Portunus trituberculatus in Laizhou Bay had the highest correlation with surface water temperature, dissolved oxygen and water depth, followed by salt And the density of zooplankton and phytoplankton density and the number of other bottom fishery organisms the lowest correlation with the same period in 1981, 2011 Laizhou Bay Portunus trituberculatus croaker significantly decreased significantly. It is recommended to reduce fishing intensity, increase Fishing specifications, to further strengthen the Portunus trituberculatus proliferation basis, put forward a more reasonable number of proliferation release in order to facilitate the Portunus trituberculatus resources sustainable use.