一阿多诺生活在20世纪发达的资本主义工业社会,亲身经历异化的现实世界对人类心灵的摧残,站在精英知识分子的立场,在思想上开始了一场对文化的救赎。而当科技进步日益加强了人们对“第一自然”的控制时,人类自身却堕入了“第二自然”(人性)丧失的陷阱。异化的社会现实使人沦为工具理性。人类真实的理性与既存现实背道而驰,只有不断地超越和否定现实世界才能返归真实。这种“否定的辩证 An Adorno lived in the developed capitalist industrial society of the 20th century and personally experienced the devastating human soul in the alienated real world. From the standpoint of the elite intellectuals, Adorno embarked on a cultural redemption. When scientific and technological progress increasingly strengthens people’s control over ”the first nature,“ human beings fall into the trap of losing their ”second nature“ (human nature). The alienated social reality has reduced people to instrumental rationality. The true rationality of human beings runs counter to the existent reality. Only by constantly surpassing and negating the real world can we return to reality. This ”negative dialectics