词汇学习对于语言获得及有关认知能力发展有重要意义。通过考察儿童词汇的快速增长,研究者提出词汇学习涉及一个“快速映射”(fastmapping)过程。最近20多年,大量研究者考察了快速映射机制。一类研究者认为儿童依靠一些认知偏向来猜测新单词的意义;另一类研究者认为词汇频率、言语最末位置等语言环境因素影响该过程。最新研究趋向(如生成联合模型和词汇学习的贝叶斯推理模式)认为这两类因素都很重要,但对它们的作用时间和比重等仍有争议。 Vocabulary learning is important for language acquisition and cognitive development. By examining the rapid growth of children’s vocabulary, researchers propose that vocabulary learning involves a “fast mapping” process. In recent 20 years, a large number of researchers have investigated the fast mapping mechanism. One type of researcher believes that children rely on some cognitive bias to guess the meaning of new words; the other researchers think that linguistic factors such as vocabulary frequency and the final position of speech affect the process. Recent research trends (such as Bayesian inference models that generate conjoint models and lexical learning) consider both types of factors as important, but their timing, proportion, and other aspects remain controversial.