目的了解安徽省新发尘肺病的现状和发展规律,为制定职业病防治规划提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息网络报告平台,在健康危害因素监测系统中选取2006～2009年安徽省新发尘肺病报告数据导入Excel,进行汇总、分析。结果 2006～2009安徽省新发尘肺病共1766例,死亡318例,新发尘肺病以矽肺和煤工尘肺为主,分别占53.30%和43.59%;新发尘肺病患者以男性为主,平均诊断年龄55.14岁,平均接尘工龄18.87年;新发尘肺病例主要分布在淮北、巢湖、滁州、铜陵和淮南五个市,占80.01%;新发尘肺病例数总体呈逐年上升趋势;新发尘肺病患者主要集中在煤炭、建材和有色金属行业,占87.03%,重点工种为矿山掘进工、采煤工和凿岩工,占75.25%。结论安徽省尘肺病防治形势仍非常严峻,控制尘肺病发生,重点在小型乡镇煤炭、建材和有色金属企业。 Objective To understand the current status and development of new onset pneumoconiosis in Anhui Province and provide a scientific basis for the development of occupational disease prevention and control plan. Methods Through the Chinese disease prevention and control information network reporting platform, the report data of new onset pneumoconiosis in Anhui Province from 2006 to 2009 were selected into Excel for monitoring and analysis of health hazards, and the data were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 1766 cases of new-onset pneumoconiosis were reported in Anhui Province from 2006 to 2009, with 318 deaths. Most of the new-onset pneumoconiosis cases were silicosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, accounting for 53.30% and 43.59% respectively. The majority of new-onset pneumoconiosis patients were male, with an average of The diagnostic age was 55.14 years and the average dusting age was 18.87 years. The cases of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis were mainly located in five cities of Huaibei, Chaohu, Chuzhou, Tongling and Huainan, accounting for 80.01% of the total. The number of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis increased year by year. Patients were mainly concentrated in the coal, building materials and non-ferrous metals industries, accounting for 87.03%, the key types of mining for miners, coal miners and drilling workers, accounting for 75.25%. Conclusion The situation of pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment in Anhui Province is still very serious, controlling the occurrence of pneumoconiosis, with the focus on small-sized towns and villages coal, building materials and non-ferrous metal enterprises.