传统的目的论宇宙观将世界看作是一个充满灵性、有机联系的宇宙秩序。处在稳固宇宙链条中的自我,其意义感体现在对这一秩序的沉思和对角色的践履上。现代自我摆脱了凌驾于自己身上的一切外在束缚,成为了自我规定、自我存在和自我发展的存在者。自我不再从外在框架中寻求意义的根据,相反,个人自身成为人生意义和价值的立法者和唯一标准。丧失外在框架约束的现代自我,在拥抱世俗生活、享受自由的同时,也丧失了价值理性的规约,最终沦为感性欲望的奴隶。 The traditional teleological universe views the world as a cosmic order full of spirituality and organic relations. The sense of self in the chain of solid universes manifests itself in the contemplation of this order and the practice of the characters. The modern ego has freed itself from all external restraints over itself and has become a self-regulated, self-existent and self-developing person. The ego no longer seeks for the basis of meaning from the external framework, on the contrary, the individual himself becomes the legislator and sole criterion of the meaning and value of life. The modern ego, who has lost its external framework and restrained, embraced secular life and enjoyed freedom, at the same time, it lost the norms of value rationality and eventually became slaves of sensual desires.