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种植抗盐耐海水植物是合理利用和开发海涂资源的有效措施之一。采用水培的方式,用1/2Hoagland营养液培养菊芋幼苗至6叶完全展开时进行处理,设0%(对照)、10%、25%和50%海水4个处理。随后分别在第4、8和12天采样进行分析,研究不同浓度海水对菊芋幼苗生长、体内渗透物质的积累、保护性酶活性、膜透性及离子吸收分布的影响情况。结果表明:(1)在不同浓度海水处理下,菊芋地上部、地下部总鲜重及干物质重从0%到25%海水浓度没有明显变化,在50%海水胁迫下显著下降,干物质百分比则为50%海水处理的最高。随着时间延长,10%海水处理下,菊芋幼苗茎叶和根鲜重均增加,但与对照没有显著差异,25%海水处理生长速率较对照低,而50%海水处理下根鲜重和干重都降低。(2)随着时间的延长、海水浓度的增加,菊芋幼苗叶片保护性酶系SOD、POD、CAT的活性呈上升趋势,在10%海水处理下膜脂过氧化物MDA含量甚至低于对照,而50%海水处理下的MDA含量较其他处理高,在10%和25%海水处理下膜透性较对照变化不显著,而50%海水处理下膜透性增加明显,且随时间延长更显著。(3)菊芋幼苗叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量随海水浓度增高而显著增加,随着时间的延长,10%和25%海水处理下,脯氨酸含量先增加后降低,而50%海水处理下,脯氨酸含量一直在升高,而10%、25%和50%海水处理下,可溶性糖含量先增加后降低。随海水浓度增高,菊芋幼苗地上部单位干重积累的Na+和Cl-依次增大,且随着时间延长,10%、25%和50%海水处理下地上部Na+和Cl-含量均增大;而K+与Na+积累情况不同,K+在25%海水胁迫下地上部单位干重积累得最多,随着时间延长,25%和50%海水处理下地上部K+含量均降低,且50%海水处理下降低幅度更大;地下部单位干重积累的Na+、Cl-和K+情况与地上部单位干重积累的各离子趋势相似。由此可见,菊芋能够通过生理生化机制适应一定浓度海水的灌溉,即利用一定浓度海水灌溉菊芋是安全有效的。
Planting salt resistant seawater plants is one of the effective measures to make rational use and development of marine resources. The method of hydroponics was used to cultivate Jerusalem artichoke seedlings with 1 / 2Hoagland nutrient solution until the 6 leaves were completely unfolded. Four treatments of 0% (control), 10%, 25% and 50% seawater were set up. Then on the 4th, 8th and 12th day respectively, the samples were analyzed for the effects of seawater with different concentrations on the growth of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings, the accumulation of permeable substances, protective enzyme activity, membrane permeability and ion absorption distribution. The results showed that: (1) At different concentrations of seawater treatment, the total fresh weight and dry matter weight of Jerusalem artichoke had no significant change from 0% to 25% seawater concentration, significantly decreased under 50% seawater stress, and the percentage of dry matter 50% of the highest seawater treatment. With the extension of time, the fresh weight of stems, leaves and roots of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings increased under 10% seawater treatment, but no significant difference compared with the control, 25% of the seawater treatment growth rate lower than the control, while 50% Reduce all heavy. (2) The activities of protective enzymes SOD, POD and CAT in Jerusalem artichoke seedling leaves increased with the increase of seawater concentration. The contents of MDA in the leaves of the Jerusalem artichoke seedlings were even lower than those of the control under 10% seawater treatment. However, under 50% seawater treatment, the content of MDA was higher than that of other treatments, and the membrane permeability was not significant under the treatment of 10% and 25% seawater, but the membrane permeability increased obviously under 50% seawater treatment, . (3) The contents of proline and soluble sugar in Jerusalem artichoke seedling leaves increased significantly with the increase of seawater concentration. With the prolongation of time, proline content increased at first and then decreased at 10% and 25% , Proline content has been increasing, while 10%, 25% and 50% seawater treatment, soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased. With the increase of seawater concentration, the Na + and Cl- accumulated in dry shoots of aerial parts of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings increased in turn, and the content of Na + and Cl- in shoots increased with the increase of seawater concentration at 10%, 25% and 50% Under the 25% seawater stress, K + accumulated more in the shoots than in the K + accumulation. Under the 25% and 50% seawater treatments, the aboveground K + content decreased, and the 50% seawater treatment decreased more The accumulation of Na +, Cl- and K + in the underground units was similar to that of the ions accumulated in the dry weight of the aboveground units. Thus, Jerusalem artichoke can adapt to the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of seawater irrigation at a certain concentration, that is, the use of a certain concentration of seawater irrigation Jerusalem artichoke is safe and effective.