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(一)林业经济联合体,是在林业三定的基础上,在全国林业经济体制改革的推动下产生和发展起来的。1981年以来,我国普遍进行了林业的“三定”工作,其成效是,基本改变了长期以来山林权属不清、林权不稳的局面,使许多地方的林业出现了生机。随着林业政策的放宽,为了更有利于林业生产的发展,使林农的责权利更加紧密地结合,安徽省金寨县于1984年普遍实行了“两山并一山”的办法,即把全县所划的63万多亩自留山和300万亩责任山统一合并为自留山,从而大大激发了林农的生产积极性。在林业“三定”及并山的基础上,一些林农为了获得“规模效益”,自动组织了劳力、资金、技术、信息、资源等多种形式的联合。据统计,全县有各种林业联合体4,490个,占总农户的4.4%。
(1) The forestry economy consortium is created and developed on the basis of three determinations of forestry and promoted by the reform of the national forestry economic system. Since 1981, China has generally carried out “three determinations” of forestry work. The result is that it has basically changed the situation that forest ownership has been unclear and the forest tenure has been unstable for so long, and the forestry in many places has shown signs of vitality. With the relaxation of forestry policy, in order to be more conducive to the development of forestry production and to make forestry farmers’ rights and rights more closely integrated, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, implemented the “two mountains and one mountain” approach in 1984, County planning 630000 acres of self-retaining mountain and 3000000 acres of responsibility mountain unified into a self-retaining mountain, which greatly stimulated the production of forest farmers enthusiasm. On the basis of “three determinations” of forests and mountains, some forest farmers automatically organize various forms of labor, capital, technology, information and resources in order to obtain “economies of scale.” According to statistics, there are 4,490 various forestry complexes in the county, accounting for 4.4% of the total rural households.