建国以来,在“全面学习苏联”的口号下,苏联义论(主要是苏联50年代的文论)成为中国当代文论建设的主要参照系。当然,它给我们带来过积极的影响,那就是使当代中国文论建立在辩证物主义的基础上。但勿庸讳的是我们也接受了它的庸俗社会学和机械唯物论。在苏联,在它还没有解体之前,70、80年代的苏联的文论早已超越了苏联50年代的文论。然而,在我国,情况显得很特别,就文艺理论教学来说,由于多还采用60年代编写的教材,或受60年代旧教材影响的“新”教材,这样我国的文艺理论教学仍然笼罩在苏联50年代文论的阴影中。就文艺理论研究领域而言,一有风吹草动,这种带着“左”的烙印的理论,就钻出来吓唬人、折腾人。理性地反思苏联50年代文论对中国当代文论建没的影响,仍然是一个十分追切的课题。本文只提出一些极为粗浅的看法,供对此问题有兴趣的同志参考。 Since the founding of the People’s Republic, under the slogan of “studying the Soviet Union in an all-round way,” the Soviet theory of justice (mainly the literary theory of the 1950s) became the main frame of reference for the construction of contemporary Chinese literary theory. Of course, it has had a positive impact on us. That is to make contemporary Chinese literary theory based on dialectical materialism. But it goes without saying that we also accept its vulgar sociology and mechanical materialism. In the Soviet Union, Soviet literary theory in the 1970s and 1980s was already ahead of literary theory in the 1950s until it was disintegrated. However, in our country, the situation is very special. As far as the teaching of literature and art theory is concerned, the teaching of literary theory in our country is still shrouded in the Soviet Union due to the fact that most of the teaching materials written in the 1960s or the “new” textbooks influenced by the old teaching materials of the 1960s are still used. In the shadow of 1950s literary theory. As far as the field of literary theory is concerned, when there is a sign of trouble, this theory with the brand of “leftist” drills out to scare people and toss people. Rethinking the influence of the 1950s literary theory in the Soviet Union on the construction of Chinese contemporary literary theory is still a very chasing topic. This article only presents some very superficial views, for the comrades interested in this issue for reference.