本文分析了施肥对地面水环境、大气环境、土壤环境产生的不利影响，主要包括：施肥引入的氮、磷可导致地面水体富营养化；农业施肥增加了土壤环境中大气温室气体的排放量而产生温室效应；施肥引入大量污染物造成土壤污染以及不平衡施肥对其它养分元素的耗竭而降低土壤肥力等一系列环境问题。最后，提出了防止污染和保护环境的农业施肥措施。 This paper analyzes the unfavorable effects of fertilization on groundwater environment, atmosphere environment and soil environment, mainly including: nitrogen and phosphorus introduced by fertilization can lead to eutrophication of surface water; agricultural fertilization increases the emission of greenhouse gases in the soil environment; Resulting in a greenhouse effect; the introduction of a large number of pollutants into soil pollution and unbalanced fertilization on the depletion of other nutrients to reduce soil fertility and a series of environmental problems. Finally, we put forward agricultural fertilization measures to prevent pollution and protect the environment.