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哈蒙和麦克斯怀特认为,建立在现代主义基础上的主流行政伦理无法给公共机构和行政人员面对的伦理难题提供实践指导。由于人的主体性蕴含着伦理反叛,导致内部控制的不可靠;而外部控制不断流入伦理立法的范畴,使得行政伦理的特殊性不断消解。关系是一种谈话的特定形式,这种谈话产生的移情关联对互动各方具有同等特殊的形态,它自身提供了最佳的道德指导。在伦理决策过程中,实践问题没有纯粹的理论解答。
Harmon and Max White argue that the mainstream ethics of administration based on modernism fail to provide practical guidance to the ethical challenges that public agencies and administrators face. As the subjectivity of human beings contains ethical rebellion, leading to the unreliability of internal control; and external control constantly flows into the category of ethical legislation, making the particularity of administrative ethics continuously digested. Relationships are a particular form of conversation in which the empathy relationship created by this conversation is equally specific to all interacting parties and provides the best moral guidance by itself. In the process of ethical decision-making, there is no purely theoretical answer to practical problems.