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为了充分利用蚕桑生产中废弃的桑枝资源以及扩充食用菌产业的原材料来源,进行了以桑枝基料栽培毛木耳的实用技术研究。栽培基质配方中桑枝基料的质量分数为75%~80%,且桑枝基料中桑枝段的比率为1/3时有利于毛木耳的生长,生长速度可达1.96~2.69 mm/d。菌种瓶或菌袋装满培养基质后121℃高压灭菌2 h以上,或者100℃常压灭菌12 h,或100℃2次间歇灭菌(8 h/次),均可有效避免污染。在广东地区从5月开始出耳第1潮,至11月份可连续出耳多达15潮次,其中夏季是主要的出耳期,生物学效率可达80%以上;采用吊袋叉状口出耳、吊袋V型口出耳和站立出耳的出耳方式,毛木耳长势好,产量较高,不宜采用卧式一端或者两端开口的出耳方式。毛木耳生产期的产量呈现出前期和后期产量低,中期产量高的态势,后期产量低与受腐烂病、蚂蚁等病虫害的危害有关。试验结果表明,蚕区利用桑枝基料栽培毛木耳,特别是在夏季采用合适的出耳方式可以获得较好的收益。
In order to make full use of mulberry mulberry production waste mulberry resources and expand sources of raw materials for edible fungi industry, mulberry branch base material cultivation of fungus ear practical techniques. The mass fraction of mulberry root base in the cultivation medium was 75% -80%, and the ratio of mulberry branch in mulberry root base was 1/3, which was in favor of the growth of mulberry wood, the growth rate reached 1.96-2.69 mm / d. Sterilization bottles or bags filled with culture medium after 121 ℃ autoclave 2 h or more, or 100 ℃ atmospheric sterilization 12 h, or 100 ℃ 2 times intermittent sterilization (8 h / times), can effectively avoid contamination . In Guangdong from the beginning of May out of the first tide, to November can be continuous ear up to 15 tide times, of which the summer is the main ear, the biological efficiency of up to 80%; using bag fork Out of the bag, V-shaped mouth hanging bag out of ears and standing ears out of the way, the growth of hair fungus good, high yield, should not be used horizontal one end or both ends of the ear out of the way. The production of Mao fungus production period showed a low yield early and late, medium-term high yield trend, the late yield by the rot disease, ants and other pests and diseases hazards. The results showed that the use of mulberry silkworm mulberry base materials for the cultivation of fungus, especially in the summer with the appropriate ear out to get better returns.