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为掌握禾谷镰孢在甘肃中部地区的分布及变异情况,从根部表现有坏死和叶鞘发褐的小麦幼苗的不同部位、小麦地土壤及玉米籽粒、玉米茎秆上分离禾谷镰孢,并以形态学为基础,参照Nelson分类系统进行鉴定。结果表明,在分离到的43个镰刀菌菌株中,有14个菌株经鉴定为禾谷镰孢,均从玉米茎秆上分离到,小麦根部、小麦叶鞘、小麦地土壤、玉米籽粒中分离到的镰刀菌中未见禾谷镰孢。将禾谷镰孢在特定条件下培养后,发现14个禾谷镰孢菌株产生子囊壳的数量不同,为2~90个。在以Fg16为引物的PCR反应中,随机选取的11个禾谷镰孢菌株都产生0.41 kb的PCR产物,而6个对照菌株都产生0.50 kb的片段,证明引物Fg16可以区分禾谷镰孢菌株群体的遗传多态性。以Tri13为引物的PCR反应显示,11个禾谷镰孢菌株以及3个中国对照菌株都产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素,而3个澳大利亚对照菌株产生雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)毒素。
To understand the distribution and variation of Fusarium graminearum in central Gansu, Fusarium graminearum was isolated from different parts of wheat seedlings with root necrosis and hair sheath browning, wheat soil and maize kernels, and Morphological basis, with reference to Nelson classification system for identification. The results showed that among the 43 Fusarium isolates isolated, 14 strains were identified as Fusarium graminearum, which were isolated from corn stalks, and were isolated from wheat roots, wheat sheaths, wheat land, and corn Fusarium no Fusarium graminearum. After Fusarium graminearum was cultured under specific conditions, it was found that 14 Fusarium graminearum strains produced 2 to 90 different numbers of ascochyma. In the PCR reaction with Fg16 as a primer, 11 strains of Fusarium graminearum randomly generated 0.41 kb PCR products, while 6 control strains all produced 0.50 kb fragments, which proved that Fg16 could distinguish Fusarium graminearum Population genetic polymorphism. The PCR reaction with Tri13 as a primer showed that 11 F. fosfaci strains and 3 Chinese control strains both produced deoxynivalenol DON, while three Australian control strains produced C. elegans NIV) toxin.