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目的:探讨激活态雪旺细胞(activated schwann cells，ASCs)干预骨髓间基质细胞(bone marrow stromal cells，BMSCs)联合异种神经移植体(acellular nerve xenograft，ANX)修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损的效果。方法:取大鼠骨髓腔内BMSCs，另取大鼠的ASCs和普通SCs，行原代培养。将两种细胞置于Transwell培养皿中培养并分成三组：BMSCs组，SCs-BMSCs组及ASCs-BMSCs组。在培养皿中培养后第2、4、6和8天，用CCK-8法检测各组BMSCs生物学活性，通过q-PCR检测各组脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经生长因子(NGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的mRNA表达水平。在无菌条件下制备10 mm坐骨神经缺损的大鼠模型，制作异种神经支架复合体(兔源胫神经)。将SD大鼠分为三组(n＝10)：ANX＋BMSCs组，ANX＋SCs-BMSCs组及ANX＋ASCs-BMSCs组。将各组细胞打入支架，复合支架培养3 d，移植到大鼠模型中。术后8周通过神经电生理检测各组患肢感觉神经传导速度(sensory nerve conduction velocity，SCV)，使用q-PCR检测神经移植体内神经营养因子(BDNF、NGF和bFGF)表达水平，另比较三组模型的下肢患侧/健侧腓肠肌细胞横截面积比恢复率。结果:CCK-8测定发现共培养系统中BMSCs组细胞增殖活性强于单细胞组，第2天和第4天，三组的活性差异无统计学意义(n P>0.05)，第6天ASCs-BMSCs组增殖活性强于BMSCs组与SCs-BMSCs组，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05)。通过q-PCR检测BMSCs组中BDNF、NGF及bFGF的mRNA表达最低，ASCs-BMSCs组含量最高(n P0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs-BMSCs group was stronger than that of BMSCs group and SCs-BMSCs group on the 6th day and the difference was significant (n P0.05). The expression of BDNF, NGF and bFGF mRNA was the lowest in BMSCs group and the highest in ASCs-BMSCs group detected by q-PCR (n P<0.05). After 8 weeks of animal experiments, it was found that the SCV in ANX-ASCs-BMSCs group, the expression of related nerve factors in ANX and the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the affected side/healthy side of rats in ANX-ASCs-BMSCs group were the largest.n Conclusion:ASCs can promote the differentiation and proliferation of BMSCs, and ANX-ASCs-BMSCs can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerve function.