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热液矿床的形成既包括地球化学过程也包括流体动力学过程,后者主要研究成矿流体的驱动力、流动方向、速度及持续时间。流体及金属的来源,金属在热液中的溶解度及溶解机制,以及矿石的沉淀机制等可以通过多种地球化学手段来研究,而流体动力学过程的确定相对比较困难。流体包裹体分析不仅可以为成矿地球化学过程,而且可为流体动力学过程提供制约,因为流体包裹体研究所得到的流体P-V-T-X性质与流体流动、热传导及质量迁移等控制方程直接相关。本文阐述流体包裹体与流体动力学研究的理论关系,流体包裹体研究对已有成矿流体动力学模式的贡献,以及未来的研究方向。从流体包裹体研究得出的流体压力状态为岩浆热液及造山型成矿系统的超压驱动模式提供了关键的证据。流体包裹体均一温度及其分布为沉积盆地成矿流体动力学模式提供了重要的制约。流体包裹体研究在揭示流体混合及流体相分离等重要成矿过程方面提到了至关重要的作用,但它们在研究流体混合及多相流体流动的物理过程方面的潜力有待进一步开发。精心设计的流体包裹体研究有可能应用于古流体流动数值模型的调试。
The formation of hydrothermal deposits includes both geochemical processes and hydrodynamic processes. The latter mainly studies the driving force, flow direction, velocity and duration of ore-forming fluids. The sources of fluids and metals, the solubility and dissolution mechanism of metals in hydrothermal fluids, and the precipitation mechanism of ores can be studied by a variety of geochemical techniques, and the determination of hydrodynamic processes is relatively difficult. Fluid inclusion analysis can not only be a metallogenic geochemical process, but also provide constraints for the hydrodynamics process. The properties of fluid P-V-T-X obtained by fluid inclusion studies are directly related to control equations such as fluid flow, heat conduction and mass transfer. This paper describes the theoretical relationship between fluid inclusions and hydrodynamics, the contributions of fluid inclusions to the existing hydrodynamic models of ore-forming fluids, and the future research directions. The fluid pressure states derived from fluid inclusions provide crucial evidence for the overpressure driving mode of magmatic hydrothermal and orogenic metallogenic systems. The homogenization temperature and its distribution of fluid inclusions provide important constraints on the hydrodynamic model of the ore-forming fluids in the sedimentary basin. Fluid inclusions studies have been of crucial importance in revealing important mineralization processes such as fluid mixing and fluid phase separation, but their potential for studying the physical processes of fluid mixing and the flow of multiphase fluids remains to be further developed. Well-designed fluid inclusions have the potential to be used in the debugging of numerical models of paleo-fluid flow.