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今年8月27日,火星运行到近6万年来距离地球最近的位置。下一次,这两个行星兄弟相距这么近,大概需要上万年。 6月3日,欧洲宇航局“猎兔犬-2”火星车发射升空;6月11日,美国宇航局的“勇气”号火星车也飞向太空;6月底奔向火星的还有美国的“机遇”号火星车。一个月之内,3颗火星探测器自地球起飞,这是人类探索火星的历史上从没有过的。 专家认为,人类探索火星的新一轮热潮已经到来,而今年8月底火星与地球运行到最近距离提供了一个难得的历史契机。 这次火星与地球的“亲密接触”,在天文学上叫“最近距火星大冲”。火星和地球同时围绕太阳旋转,但火星绕太阳一圈需要约687天,因此火星的一年相当于地球上的两年。而约每两年,火星和地球处于太阳的同一方向,这种现象叫“火星冲日”。由于火星和地球的运行轨道不是圆周而是椭圆,所以当火星冲日发生时,如果火星正好处于轨道上的近日点,那么火星和地球的距离就更接近了,这就叫“火星大冲”。这种情况约每16年多发生一次。而若发生火星大冲时,地球恰好处于远日点的话,叫做“最近距火星大冲”。这种情况十分罕见,往往可能需要上万年才有一次。 今天天文爱好者用肉眼看到的火星景观,100多年前一位意大利天文学家也曾看到过。而人类关于火星美好的幻想和被激发起来的探?
On August 27 this year, Mars has been operating to its closest position to the Earth for nearly 60,000 years. The next time the two planets are so close together, it will take tens of thousands of years. On June 3, the European Space Agency “Beagle-2” rover was launched; on June 11th, NASA’s Mars Rover of “Courage” also flew into space; at the end of June, the United States also ran to Mars. The “opportunity” of the rover. Within a month, three Mars probes took off from the earth. This is the history of human exploration of Mars. Experts believe that the new wave of human exploration of Mars has arrived, and that by the end of August this year, the distance between Mars and the Earth has provided a rare historical opportunity. The “close contact” between Mars and the Earth is called “very recent rush to Mars” in astronomy. Mars and Earth rotate around the Sun at the same time, but it takes about 687 days for Mars to orbit the Sun. Therefore, the year of Mars is equivalent to two years on Earth. And about every two years, Mars and the Earth are in the same direction of the Sun. This phenomenon is called “Mars Chongri.” Since Mars and the orbit of the Earth are not circles but ellipses, when Mars strikes in the sun, if Mars happens to be at a point in the orbit, the distance between Mars and the Earth will be closer. This is called “Mars Rush.” This situation occurs about once every 16 years. In the event of Martian rushing, the Earth happens to be at a far-off point, which is called “the recent rush to Mars.” This situation is very rare and it may take up to 10,000 years. Today, astronomers see the Mars landscape with the naked eye. An Italian astronomer also saw it more than 100 years ago. And what about mankind’s wonderful illusions and excitement about Mars?