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桥梁作为交通线上的枢纽工程,在地震发生之后应该保证其结构的完整性和交通的畅通。然而,大量的震害资料表明,桥梁结构十分脆弱。斜拉桥因其经济上、结构上和建筑造型诸方面的优势,受到桥梁工程界的日益重视。斜拉桥的设计跨度一般超过200m,对于如此重要的结构,我们在进行设计时通常偏于保守,要求其在低概率的地震作用下只能发生弹性或者近似弹性的变形。因此,有必要使用被动控制装置来消耗地震能量以满足结构的弹性反应,这些装置包括铅芯橡胶支座、摩擦阻尼器和液体粘滞阻尼器等。起源于军事工业中的能源耗散与基础隔震装置,在世界土木工程领域得到了快速的发展,这些装置的应用不仅提高了建筑的抗震能力,也成为各类桥梁结构抗震设计的新趋势。
Bridge as a transportation line hub project, after the earthquake should ensure its structural integrity and traffic flow. However, a large number of earthquake damage data show that the bridge structure is very fragile. Due to its economic, structural and architectural advantages, cable-stayed bridges are increasingly valued by the bridge engineering community. The design span of cable-stayed bridges is generally more than 200m. For such an important structure, we are usually conservative in design, requiring only elastic or near-elastic deformation under low-probability earthquakes. Therefore, it is necessary to use passive control devices to dissipate the seismic energy to meet the structural elastic response. These devices include lead-rubber bearings, friction dampers and liquid viscous dampers. The energy dissipation and base isolation devices originated in military industry have been rapidly developed in the field of civil engineering in the world. The application of these devices not only improves the seismic capacity of buildings, but also becomes the new trend of seismic design of various types of bridge structures.