The aim of this work was to prepare MgF2 translucent ceramic by using nanopowders as raw materials and to study its properties.The MgF2 nanopowders were prepared using chemical precipitation and the translucent ceramics were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering in a vacuum environment. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the powders were homogeneous with an average particles size about 13 nm. By comparing the results of transmission electron microscopy, it could be concluded that the porous structure of precursor powders could be improved by calcination. The SEM images of MgF2 indicated that the as-prepared ceramics were well densified at 900℃. The photo of the ceramic sample showed that high translucence is a main breakthrough in the ifeld of MgF2 materials preparation. For the translucent ceramic sample sintered at 900℃, the Vickers hardness and density were 5.55 GPa and 98.74%, respectively, and its highest transmittance with thickness of 1mm reached 87% in the wavelength from 2.5 μm to 10 μm, all which made it advantageous to be a kind of infrared windows and dome materials.