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制种产量低是制约杂交粳稻发展的重要因素,而不育系柱头外露率是影响杂交粳稻制种产量的关键。遗传研究表明,水稻柱头外露率属于多基因控制的数量性状,其广义遗传力较大(90%左右)。基因定位研究表明,控制柱头外露率的QTLs大多数被定位于第2,5和8染色体上。自1996年以来,辽宁省稻作研究所加强了粳稻不育系的柱头外露率遗传改良研究,通过导入籼稻的高柱头外露率基因,选育了一批高柱头外露率的粳型不育系,柱头外露率由原来的30%以下逐步提高到80%以上,异交结实率可达到60%以上,杂交制种产量可提高到3.0~4.5t/hm2,并配组育成了辽优5218(辽5216A/C418)、辽优1052(辽105A/C52)等杂交粳稻新组合,在生产上得到了大面积推广应用。
Low seed production is an important factor restricting the development of japonica hybrid rice. The stigma exsertion rate of japonica rice is the key factor affecting the seed yield of japonica hybrid rice. Genetic studies have shown that the stigma exsertion rate of rice belongs to the quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, and its general heritability is large (about 90%). Gene mapping showed that the majority of QTLs controlling stigma exsertion were located on chromosomes 2, 5 and 8. Since 1996, the Liaoning Provincial Institute of Rice Enhances the stigma exsertion rate genetic improvement of japonica CMS lines. By introducing the high stigma exsertion rate genes of indica rice, a batch of japonica CMS lines with high stigma exsertion rate , Stigma exposed rate gradually increased from below 30% to more than 80%, outcrossing rate can reach more than 60%, hybrid seed production can be increased to 3.0 ~ 4.5t / hm2, and with the formation of Liaoyou 5218 ( Liao 5216A / C418) and Liaoyou 1052 (Liao 105A / C52) were widely popularized and applied in production.