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Objective: To investigate the proteasome inhibitor MG132-induced apoptosis pathway in HL-60 cells and the role of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction.Methods: Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of p21 protein, p27 protein and p53 protein in HL-60 cells treated with MG132 were measured by West blot. The proliferation of, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) after treatment with 75 Gy irradiated HL-60 cells treated with MG132 was measured with CCK-8.Results: High-dose MG132 induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. No significant change was observed in MG132-induced apoptosis after inhibiting caspase-8 and caspase-9 pathway. The expressions of p21 protein and p27 protein increased in MG132-induced apoptosis. HL-60 cells treated with low-dose MG132 improved the proliferation of PBMNCs from healthy volunteers.Conclusion: High-dose MG132 induced apoptosis and directly killed HL-60 cells. MG132 induced apoptosis in a caspase-8- and caspase-9-independent pathway. p21 protein and p27 protein were involved in MG132-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells treated with Low-dose MG132 improved the effect of promoting the proliferation of PBMNCs from healthy volunteers.