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1913年,美国总统威尔逊签署《联邦储备法》,宣告美联储成立。此后一百年,美联储的发展并非一帆风顺,但对稳定美国的金融市场和宏观经济功不可没。金融危机后临危受命历史上,美国曾多次试图成立强大的中央银行。1791年和1816年,美国国会分别立法成立了美国第一银行和第二银行。这两个银行虽然先后执行过一些中央银行的职能,但在性质上更接近商业银行。它们和商业银行一样吸收储户存款和发放商业贷款。另外,第一银行和第二银行按照股份制方式成立,股票在市场上公开出售,
In 1913, U.S. President Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act, announcing the establishment of the Federal Reserve. After a hundred years, the development of the Federal Reserve was not smooth but it contributed to stabilizing the U.S. financial markets and the macroeconomy. In the history of the financial crisis, the United States has repeatedly tried to establish a strong central bank. In 1791 and 1816, the U.S. Congress legislated the establishment of the U.S. First Bank and the Second Bank respectively. Although these two banks have successively executed some functions of the Central Bank, they are closer to commercial banks in nature. Like commercial banks, they absorb depositors’ deposits and issue commercial loans. In addition, the first bank and the second bank were established according to the shareholding system, the shares were sold publicly in the market,