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倒装句型是中学英语中的重要语法项目和重要考点之一。任何倒装句型都有其标志，这个标志也是构成倒装句型的条件。因此，只要搞清楚倒装标志就可以巧记倒装句型。
一、 寻找完全倒装标志，巧记完全倒装句型
所谓完全倒装句型是指当某一特点内容置于句首时，将谓语动词直接提前置于该特定内容后面而构成的倒装句型，其标志通常为：
1．Here, there, in, out, up, down, away等介、副词置于句首时，应使用完全倒装句型。例如：In came the boy.
Away flew the bird.
注意：此句型主语必须为名词，主语为代词时不能使用完全倒装句型。例如：Out he rushed.
2．In front of, in the distance, to the east of 等地点状语置于句首时，应使用完全倒装句型。例如：In the distance stands a high building.
To the east of the two hills lies a city.
二、寻找不完全倒装标志，巧记不完全倒装句型
不完全倒装句型要求当某一特定内容出现在句首时，不能将谓语动词直接置于句首，而须在该特定内容后加上助动词。不完全倒装句型的构成常有下列标志：
1．Often, many a time, never, seldom等表示频度的副词置于句首时，应使用不完全倒装句型。
例如：Seldom does he go home.
Many a time has he been to Beijing.
2．Hardly, scarcely, barely, little等主要表示否定意义的副词出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：Hardly can you understand the text.
Little does he know about the news.
3．Not until +时间出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what wheat is.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
4．Hardly...when..., no sooner... than...(一……就……) 置于句首时使用部分倒装句型。例如：Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.
No sooner had he gone to bed than the telephone rang.
5．表示“也”的so (用于肯定句) 和neither / nor (用于否定句) 出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：He has passed the exam, so have I.
—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
—I don’t know, nor do I care.
6．Only 出现在句首修饰介词短语、副词、时间状语从句和原因状语从句时，就使用不完全倒装句型。例如：Only in this way can you work out this question.
Only then did I realize the importance of studying English.
Only when he is free does he come to see me.
Only because he was busy did he not go there.
Only修饰主语时不能使用倒装句型，例如：Only teachers can use this room.
7．Not only...but also... 结构中的not only置于句首且not only和but also后均不直接跟主语时，应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：Not only does he study English but also French.
注意：not only...but also... 连接两个分句的第一个分句倒装，第二个分句不倒装。例如：
Not only does he study hard but also he has a kind heart.
Not only...but also...连接两个主语时不倒装。例如：Not only he but also his parents have been to Beijing.
8．当so...that... (如此……以致……，引导结果状语从句) 结构中的so出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him.
三、寻找特殊倒装标志，巧记特殊倒装句型
有些倒装句型的构成不是将动词提前，也不是将助动词提前 (或加助动词)，而是将句子中的某部分内容提前，这种特殊倒装句型常有下列标志：
1．可将句型prefer to do A rather than do B (宁愿做Ａ而不愿做Ｂ) 中的rather than do B前置至句首，从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如：Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
2．As (尽管) 引导让步状语从句时，一般将按通常语序应置于句未的表语、动词或副词前置至句首，从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如：Young as he is, he knows a lot.
注意：如果表语为单数可数名词，前置时应去掉不定冠词。例如：Child as he is, he has been to many places.
Much as I want to see him, I dare not do it.
Go as you may, you can’t see him.
3．在if 虚拟条件从句中，如果从句的谓语动词含有were, had, should,可将这三词提至句首，将连词if 省去，从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如：Had it been possible, would you have done it?
Were I you, I wouldn’t go.
Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.
四、寻找形倒实不倒标志，巧记形倒实不倒句型
有些句型形式上酷似倒装句型，而实际上不是倒装句型，不要将其主谓倒装或作其它特殊倒装，这种形倒实不倒的句型常有下列标志：
1．感叹句中的what和how在其它句型中多用特殊疑问词，故许多同学将感叹句判断为特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序，实际上what和how 引导的感叹句应用陈述语序。例如：What a long way it is from Beijing to London!
How beautiful a flower it is!
2．由于带插入语的特殊疑问句仍以特殊疑问词开头，故许多同学误将此句型判断为纯特殊疑问句，从而采用倒装语序，实际上应将插入语后面的内容视为宾语从句而采用陈述语序。例如：Where do you think he has gone?
When do you know he will come?
3．名词性从句中的what, how, when, why等词易被误认为特殊疑问词而采用疑问式倒装语序，实际上这些词为连词，引导名词性从句，故该从句应为陈述语序。例如：When he will come is unknown to me.
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.
My question is where he has gone.
4．Whatever , however 引导让步状语从句时常被误认为特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序，实际上应采用陈述语序。例如：It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
We’ll have to finish the job however long it takes.
【小试牛刀】
1. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. ________, she must have made the party more exciting.
________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________
A. If she cameB. Would she come
C. Had she comeD. Did she come
2. They finally managed to climb to the top, but ________ then.
A. went the children down the hill
B. down the hill did the children go
C. down the hill went the children
D. down the hill the children went
3. —The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained.
—________. He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.
A. So would my grandpa
B. So wouldn’t my grandpa
C. Neither would my grandpa
D. Nor wouldn’t my grandpa
4. Little Tom is an orphan. ________, he has to make a living by himself.
A. A child as he isB. Child as he is
C. Child as is heD. A child though he is
5. Hardly had she walked out of the woods ________ she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree.
A. thanB. untilC. sinceD. when
6. We have looked for the lost sheep almost everywhere, but nowhere ________.
A. we can find itB. can we find it
C. can find we itD. we can it find
7. Not until 1998 ________ back to his hometown.
A. came heB. that he came
C. did he comeD. that he did come
8. Only when ________ 30 years old ________ to learn English.
A. was he, did he begin
B. he was, he began
C. was he, he began
D．he was, did he begin
答案与解析：
1. C。Had she come＝If she had come。if引导虚拟语气条件状语从句，在口语中或非正式场合可以把if省略掉而改用部分倒装。
2. C。介词短语位于句首，且谓语为不及物动词的句子，句子的主谓全部倒装。
3. C。Neither would my grandpa＝My grandpa wouldn’t stay at home for a rest, either.否定副词neither, nor提前到句首，句子用部分倒装。
4. B。Child as he is＝Although he is a child。as引导让步状语从句时，通常要把作表语的形容词或名词，作状语的副词或动词原形提前到句首，同时注意，作表语的单数名词前无形容词时要把不定冠词去掉。
5. D。hardly...when... 表示“一……就……”。注意，主句主谓要用部分倒装。
6. B。具有否定意义的副词nowhere提前到句首时，句子用部分倒装。
7. C。具有否定意义的短语not until 放在句首，主句要用部分倒装。
8. D。only + 状语从句放在句首，主句要用部分倒装，但when 从句部分不需倒装。
（作者：卜云美，江苏泰兴）
一、 寻找完全倒装标志，巧记完全倒装句型
所谓完全倒装句型是指当某一特点内容置于句首时，将谓语动词直接提前置于该特定内容后面而构成的倒装句型，其标志通常为：
1．Here, there, in, out, up, down, away等介、副词置于句首时，应使用完全倒装句型。例如：In came the boy.
Away flew the bird.
注意：此句型主语必须为名词，主语为代词时不能使用完全倒装句型。例如：Out he rushed.
2．In front of, in the distance, to the east of 等地点状语置于句首时，应使用完全倒装句型。例如：In the distance stands a high building.
To the east of the two hills lies a city.
二、寻找不完全倒装标志，巧记不完全倒装句型
不完全倒装句型要求当某一特定内容出现在句首时，不能将谓语动词直接置于句首，而须在该特定内容后加上助动词。不完全倒装句型的构成常有下列标志：
1．Often, many a time, never, seldom等表示频度的副词置于句首时，应使用不完全倒装句型。
例如：Seldom does he go home.
Many a time has he been to Beijing.
2．Hardly, scarcely, barely, little等主要表示否定意义的副词出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：Hardly can you understand the text.
Little does he know about the news.
3．Not until +时间出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what wheat is.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
4．Hardly...when..., no sooner... than...(一……就……) 置于句首时使用部分倒装句型。例如：Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.
No sooner had he gone to bed than the telephone rang.
5．表示“也”的so (用于肯定句) 和neither / nor (用于否定句) 出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：He has passed the exam, so have I.
—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
—I don’t know, nor do I care.
6．Only 出现在句首修饰介词短语、副词、时间状语从句和原因状语从句时，就使用不完全倒装句型。例如：Only in this way can you work out this question.
Only then did I realize the importance of studying English.
Only when he is free does he come to see me.
Only because he was busy did he not go there.
Only修饰主语时不能使用倒装句型，例如：Only teachers can use this room.
7．Not only...but also... 结构中的not only置于句首且not only和but also后均不直接跟主语时，应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：Not only does he study English but also French.
注意：not only...but also... 连接两个分句的第一个分句倒装，第二个分句不倒装。例如：
Not only does he study hard but also he has a kind heart.
Not only...but also...连接两个主语时不倒装。例如：Not only he but also his parents have been to Beijing.
8．当so...that... (如此……以致……，引导结果状语从句) 结构中的so出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如：So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him.
三、寻找特殊倒装标志，巧记特殊倒装句型
有些倒装句型的构成不是将动词提前，也不是将助动词提前 (或加助动词)，而是将句子中的某部分内容提前，这种特殊倒装句型常有下列标志：
1．可将句型prefer to do A rather than do B (宁愿做Ａ而不愿做Ｂ) 中的rather than do B前置至句首，从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如：Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
2．As (尽管) 引导让步状语从句时，一般将按通常语序应置于句未的表语、动词或副词前置至句首，从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如：Young as he is, he knows a lot.
注意：如果表语为单数可数名词，前置时应去掉不定冠词。例如：Child as he is, he has been to many places.
Much as I want to see him, I dare not do it.
Go as you may, you can’t see him.
3．在if 虚拟条件从句中，如果从句的谓语动词含有were, had, should,可将这三词提至句首，将连词if 省去，从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如：Had it been possible, would you have done it?
Were I you, I wouldn’t go.
Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.
四、寻找形倒实不倒标志，巧记形倒实不倒句型
有些句型形式上酷似倒装句型，而实际上不是倒装句型，不要将其主谓倒装或作其它特殊倒装，这种形倒实不倒的句型常有下列标志：
1．感叹句中的what和how在其它句型中多用特殊疑问词，故许多同学将感叹句判断为特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序，实际上what和how 引导的感叹句应用陈述语序。例如：What a long way it is from Beijing to London!
How beautiful a flower it is!
2．由于带插入语的特殊疑问句仍以特殊疑问词开头，故许多同学误将此句型判断为纯特殊疑问句，从而采用倒装语序，实际上应将插入语后面的内容视为宾语从句而采用陈述语序。例如：Where do you think he has gone?
When do you know he will come?
3．名词性从句中的what, how, when, why等词易被误认为特殊疑问词而采用疑问式倒装语序，实际上这些词为连词，引导名词性从句，故该从句应为陈述语序。例如：When he will come is unknown to me.
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.
My question is where he has gone.
4．Whatever , however 引导让步状语从句时常被误认为特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序，实际上应采用陈述语序。例如：It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
We’ll have to finish the job however long it takes.
【小试牛刀】
1. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. ________, she must have made the party more exciting.
________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________
A. If she cameB. Would she come
C. Had she comeD. Did she come
2. They finally managed to climb to the top, but ________ then.
A. went the children down the hill
B. down the hill did the children go
C. down the hill went the children
D. down the hill the children went
3. —The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained.
—________. He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.
A. So would my grandpa
B. So wouldn’t my grandpa
C. Neither would my grandpa
D. Nor wouldn’t my grandpa
4. Little Tom is an orphan. ________, he has to make a living by himself.
A. A child as he isB. Child as he is
C. Child as is heD. A child though he is
5. Hardly had she walked out of the woods ________ she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree.
A. thanB. untilC. sinceD. when
6. We have looked for the lost sheep almost everywhere, but nowhere ________.
A. we can find itB. can we find it
C. can find we itD. we can it find
7. Not until 1998 ________ back to his hometown.
A. came heB. that he came
C. did he comeD. that he did come
8. Only when ________ 30 years old ________ to learn English.
A. was he, did he begin
B. he was, he began
C. was he, he began
D．he was, did he begin
答案与解析：
1. C。Had she come＝If she had come。if引导虚拟语气条件状语从句，在口语中或非正式场合可以把if省略掉而改用部分倒装。
2. C。介词短语位于句首，且谓语为不及物动词的句子，句子的主谓全部倒装。
3. C。Neither would my grandpa＝My grandpa wouldn’t stay at home for a rest, either.否定副词neither, nor提前到句首，句子用部分倒装。
4. B。Child as he is＝Although he is a child。as引导让步状语从句时，通常要把作表语的形容词或名词，作状语的副词或动词原形提前到句首，同时注意，作表语的单数名词前无形容词时要把不定冠词去掉。
5. D。hardly...when... 表示“一……就……”。注意，主句主谓要用部分倒装。
6. B。具有否定意义的副词nowhere提前到句首时，句子用部分倒装。
7. C。具有否定意义的短语not until 放在句首，主句要用部分倒装。
8. D。only + 状语从句放在句首，主句要用部分倒装，但when 从句部分不需倒装。
（作者：卜云美，江苏泰兴）