现有的某些小说史并不是真正的小说史，因为它们没有抓住小说的特殊性。小说史的逻辑起点在于对小说特性的科学把握。小说的特殊性不能仅仅归结为人物、情节、环境这三要素，而在于其文体。小说文体既是特殊的表达方式，也是一种特殊的文化存在方式。小说文体研究的方法包括纵横两方面的内容，纵的指小说特有的多种叙述者类型、聚焦方式、转述语、结构、言语特征等，横的则指这些文体因素在某个时期的聚合，如类型、流派。 Some of the existing history of novels is not a true history of novels, because they do not grasp the particularity of the novel. The logical starting point of the history of novels lies in the scientific grasp of the characteristics of novels. The particularity of the novel can not be attributed to the three elements of people, plot and environment, but rather its style. Novel style is not only a special way of expression, but also a special way of cultural existence. The methods of fictional style research include aspect and aspect, length refers to the variety of fictional narrator, focus style, transliteration, structure and speech features, while horizontal refers to the aggregation of these style elements in a certain period, Such as type, genre.