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马歇尔来华后,曾经推动国共两党相继签署了停战、政协和整军等重要协议,从而使中国一度出现和平民主发展的前景。然而这一线希望,很快便因东北再度燃起大规模内战之火而破灭。通过进一步研究马歇尔在解决东北内战中的态度和奉行的政策,可以更深刻地揭示东北内战爆发及马歇尔调处失败的原因。 (一) 从1945年11月中旬开始,美国政府内部经过反复研究,实际上为马歇尔制定了一个三位一体的公式:促使国共在华北停战——为国民党向东北运兵——实现由国民党统一中国。这三个方面互相影响,互相制约,其中向东北运兵占据着特殊的地位。从马歇尔调处中包含着限制苏联向东亚和太平洋发展这个意义上说,促成华北停战,就是为帮助国民党向东北运兵创造条件;而美国希望的中国统一,其目标包括将苏联从东北排挤出去和限制中共在东北发
After Marshall came to China, he urged both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to sign important agreements such as the Armistice, the Political Consultative Conference and the entire army in succession, so that once China has the prospect of peace and democratic development. However, this line of hope will soon be dashed by the re-igniting of a large-scale civil war in the northeast. By further studying Marshall’s attitude and policies in resolving the civil war in Northeast China, it is possible to reveal more deeply the reasons for the outbreak of the civil war in Northeast China and the failure of Marshall’s mediation. (1) Beginning from mid-November 1945, after repeated studies within the U.S. government, Marshall actually formulated a formula for Trinity: impelling the KMT and KMT in an armistice in north China - for the KMT to transport troops to the northeast - and to achieve the unification of China by the Kuomintang. These three aspects influence each other and restrict each other, of which the transport of troops to the Northeast occupies a special position. From the perspective of Marshall’s mediation to limit the development of the Soviet Union to East Asia and the Pacific, the promotion of an armistice in North China was intended to help the Kuomintang create the conditions for the Northeast Troop Transport. The United States hopes that the reunification of China will aim at excluding the Soviet Union from the Northeast and Restricting the CCP from going to the northeast