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地球观测卫星利用星上遥感设备对地球进行观测,以获取各种地面信息.这种卫星通常选取太阳同步兼回归轨道.在太阳同步轨道上,运动的卫星在相同的地方时经过观测区域,卫星摄影时,太阳高度角基本相同;选取回归轨道,其目的是使卫星在运行一个回归周期以后,又重复原先的地面轨迹,这就可以满足用户对同一目标多次重复观测的要求.美国陆地卫星、泰罗斯、依托斯、雨云及法国的地球资源卫星均设计为这样的轨道.
Earth observation satellites use satellite remote sensing equipment to observe the Earth for various kinds of ground information, such as the sun-synchronous orbit-returning orbit, where the moving satellites pass through the observation area at the same place, and the satellites When photographing, the elevation angles of the sun are basically the same; the purpose of selecting the return orbit is to enable the satellite to repeat the original ground track after running a regression period, so as to meet users’ multiple repeated observation requirements on the same target. , Tyros, Etos, Nimbus and France’s Earth resources satellites are designed for such orbits.