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人民法院在审理土地、山林纠纷时,常常碰到一个法律事实——“四固定”,即土地(包括山林)、耕畜、农具、劳动力的固定。该内容最早出现在1959年4月中央政治局上海会议纪要《关于人民公社的十八个问题》中。1961年3月和6月,在《农村人民公社工作条例(草案)》和“修正草案”中进一步予以修改和充实。第一次用“四固定”一词进行表述的是1962年2月13日中共中央《关于改变农村人民公社基本核算单位问题的指示》,其中规定:“原来‘四固定’的土地……
When hearing disputes over land and forests, the people’s court often encounters a legal fact - “four fixed”, that is, the fixation of land (including forests), livestock, tools, and labor. The earliest appeared in the April 1959 Politburo Shanghai Minutes “on the people’s communes of the 18 issues.” In March and June 1961, further amendments and enrichments were made in the “Regulations on the Work of Rural People’s Communes (Draft)” and the “Draft Amendment.” For the first time, the term “four fixed” is used to express the CPC Central Committee’s “Directive on the Issue of Changing the Basic Accounting Units of Rural People’s Communes” on February 13, 1962, which stipulates: “The original” four fixed "land ...