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目的初步评价三峡水库蓄水后对库区人群健康的影响。方法连续收集三峡库区监测点卫生资源变化情况、出生和死亡资料、传染病和地方病发病资料、媒介生物鼠、蚊监测资料、突发公共卫生事件报告资料等,对所收集资料进行综合分析。结果三峡水库蓄水后一年, 库区监测点年人口出生率上升7．16%,死亡率下降4．45%。传染病发病以散发为主。各监测点均未报告鼠疫、钩体病、流行性出血热、疟疾和急性血吸虫病例,仅丰都、奉节报告3例乙脑病例。2004年室内鼠密度(1．61%)略高于2003年(1．21%),但明显低于蓄水前5年的平均值 (3．94%)。户外鼠密度(2．69%)则低于2003年(3．55%)和蓄水前5年的平均值(4．22%)。畜圈和户内成蚊总密度均低于2003年和蓄水前5年的平均值。主要病媒生物的密度和病原阳性检出率均较低。结论三峡水库蓄水后一年人群健康状况及影响因素未发生明显变化。
Objective To evaluate the impact of the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir on population health in the reservoir area. Methods Continuously collected health resource changes at monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, birth and death data, epidemiological and endemic disease data, vectors of vectored animals, mosquitoes, public health emergency reporting data, etc., were analyzed comprehensively. As a result, one year after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the annual birth rate of the monitoring area in the reservoir area increased by 7.16%, and the mortality rate decreased by 4.45%. Infectious diseases are mainly distributed. No cases of plague, leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, malaria and acute schistosomiasis were reported at all monitoring sites. Only 3 cases of JE were reported in Fengdu and Fengjie. The indoor rat density (1.61%) in 2004 was slightly higher than that in 2003 (1.21%), but it was significantly lower than the average of the first five years (3.94%). Outdoor rat density (2.69%) was lower than the average of 2003 (3.55%) and the five years before impoundment (4.22%). The total density of adult mosquitoes in livestock pens and households was lower than the average of the previous five years in 2003 and impoundment. The major vector organisms have low density and positive pathogen detection rates. Conclusion There is no significant change in the health status and influencing factors of the population after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir.