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通过对山西省9个市27个县(区)野生黄芩种质资源的调查,发现其在山西省内分布广泛但很不均衡。山西野生黄芩主要分布于34°46’19.78″N~40°24’17.71″N、110°30’17.80″E~114°13’13.41″E;海拔介于705~1675 m之间,其中以1000~1500 m最为常见;生长区域年均降水量介于400~800 mm之间,年均温度为6.8~14℃。群落组成较为单一,其周围主要分布有杂草、灰菜、蒲公英、黄刺玫以及豆科类植物等;少部分伴随有当地优势种植物,其中大同市主要为狼毒、岩青兰,长治市平顺县主要为柴胡、蒲公英等。山西野生黄芩主要生长于半山腰,山顶生长较少,山谷底一般极少生长;山西野生黄芩多生长于半阳坡,少数生长于阳坡,阴坡一般极少生长。气候、海拔、降水量、日照等生态环境的不同以及人为因素是导致山西黄芩分布不均的主要因素。研究结果为山西野生黄芩资源的保护、开发、利用以及优良黄芩种质的选育提供了依据。
Through the investigation of germplasm resources of wild Scutellaria baicalensis in 27 counties of 9 cities in Shanxi Province, we found that it is widespread but not balanced in Shanxi province. The wild Scutellaria baicalensis mainly distributed in the range of 34 ° 46’19.78 “N ~ 40 ° 24’17.71” N, 110 ° 30’17.80 “E ~ 114 ° 13’13.41” E; the elevation ranged from 705 to 1675 m, 1000 ~ 1500 m is the most common. The average annual precipitation in the growing area is between 400 and 800 mm with an average annual temperature of 6.8 ~ 14 ℃. Community composition is relatively simple, the main distribution around the weeds, gray cabbage, dandelion, yellow thorns and leguminous plants, etc .; a small part of the local plant with the dominant species, including Datong mainly Euphorbia, Yan Qinglan, Changzhi The city of Pingshun mainly Bupleurum, dandelion and so on. The wild Scutellaria baicalensis mainly grows on the hillside, the hill top grows little, and the bottom of the valley rarely grows. The wild Scutellaria baicalensis grows in the semi-sunny slope in Shanxi Province, the few grows in the sunny slope, and the shady slope generally seldom grows. Different climate and altitude, precipitation, sunshine and other ecological environment and human factors are the main factors leading to the uneven distribution of Scutellaria in Shanxi. The results provided the basis for the conservation, development and utilization of wild Scutellaria baicalensis and the breeding of elite Scutellaria baicalensis.