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【目的】选取新疆56种野生果树为研究对象,利用物种分布区模型模拟其潜在分布区,并分析其与环境因子的关系,为有效保护和管理新疆野生果树资源提供基础资料。【方法】基于物种分布点数据,最终选取13个环境因子确定物种的生态位信息,使用Maxent软件构建分布区模型,获得新疆野生果树物种丰富度分布格局图,并分析其与环境因子的关系。【结果】野生果树在新疆具有广泛的潜在分布区,其面积占全区面积的54.5%;物种丰富度可划分为1~4,5~14,15~24和25~38这4个等级,但物种丰富度大的区域面积比较狭窄,主要分布于伊犁河谷周边的天山山脉、巴尔鲁克山-塔尔巴哈台山和阿尔泰山西部;通过计算物种丰富度格局与13个环境因子之间的相关系数,发现2个降水因子(最湿季降水和最干季降水)、1个气温因子(平均日较差)和1个土壤因子(土壤碳含量)与新疆野生果树分布格局相关性高(R~2>0.35),说明最湿季降水、最干季降水、平均日较差气温和土壤碳含量显著影响新疆野生果树的物种丰富度和分布格局。【结论】从物种丰富度水平和物种保护的角度上说,具有高水平野生果树物种丰富度的天山西部的伊犁河谷、巴尔鲁克山-塔尔巴哈台山和阿尔泰山西部山地应该受到优先保护。
【Objective】 Fifty-six species of wild fruit trees in Xinjiang were selected as research objects, and the potential distributions of them were simulated using species distribution model. The relationship between them and environmental factors was analyzed to provide basic information for the effective protection and management of wild fruit trees in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Based on the data of species distribution points, 13 environmental factors were finally selected to determine the niche information of species. Maxent software was used to construct the distribution area model to obtain the distribution pattern of species richness of wild fruit trees in Xinjiang and to analyze its relationship with environmental factors. 【Result】 Wild fruit trees had a wide range of potential distribution areas in Xinjiang, accounting for 54.5% of the total area. Species richness could be divided into 4 grades of 1 ~ 4,5 ~ 14,15 ~ 24 and 25 ~ 38, However, the species richness is relatively narrow in area, mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains around the Ili Valley, the Barrock Mountain - Talbahataishan and the western Altai Mountains. By calculating the relationship between species richness pattern and 13 environmental factors Correlation coefficient found that two precipitation factors (the wettest and the driest precipitation), one temperature factor (mean day difference) and one soil factor (soil carbon content) were found to be highly correlated with the distribution patterns of wild fruit trees in Xinjiang R ~ 2> 0.35), indicating that the raging season, the driest season, the mean daily temperature and soil carbon content significantly affect the species richness and distribution pattern of wild fruit trees in Xinjiang. 【Conclusion】 From the viewpoint of species richness and species conservation, the Ili Valley, Barrock Mountain-Talbahatai Mountain and western Altai Mountain in western Tianshan with high level of species diversity of wild fruit trees should be given priority protection .