《故事新编》中的故事都取材自中国古典文化及历史故事,展现了鲁迅先生深厚的国学功底。本文就部分小说中的人物与历史上真实的故事做简要比较,或许从中可以找出鲁迅先生隐藏在文字背后的深意。《采薇》中的伯夷、叔齐事迹可见于《史记·伯夷叔齐列传》。作为列传的开篇之作,司马迁在书中歌颂了伯夷、叔齐的高风亮节,将他二人描述成相互让位的贤明公子,并作为有善行却惨遭横祸的典型大力颂扬。而在《故事新编》中,鲁迅虽保持了古书中二人的原貌,行文中挖苦讽刺之情却也显而易见,并借阿金姐之口对其进行了尖刻的 The stories in “A New Story” are based on Chinese classical culture and historical stories, which show Mr. Lu Xun’s profound knowledge of Chinese culture. This article briefly compares the characters in some novels with the true stories in history, and may find out the profound meaning hidden by Mr. Lu Xun in the text. “Cai Wei” in the Bo Yi, uncle’s deeds can be found in “Historical Records Bo Yi tert-chi Biography.” As the opening passage of his biography, Sima Qian praised Bo and Uncle Qi in his book, describing him as a wise son who gave way to each other and praised it as a typical example of good deeds but tragedies. In the “new story”, although Lu Xun maintained the original appearance of the two of the ancient books, the wording of satire is obvious, and by Ah Jin sister of the mouth of its sharp