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在莎士比亚经典历史剧《亨利五世》中,远比著名的阿金库尔战役更精彩厚重的是“英君明主”亨利五世复杂矛盾的内心战。作为一国之君,亨利对战争正义性的极度关注和对战争责任的百般推卸,折射出西欧在中世纪晚期和文艺复兴时代对战争正义性和国家战争权问题上的思索和困惑。全剧在基督教和平主义和奥古斯丁正义战争观的博弈中,以基督教良心观质问战争权,以文学为载体预示着现代国际军事法与人道法所必然经历的漫长阵痛与不可遏制的发展趋势。
In Shakespeare’s classic historical play “Henry V,” far more impressive than the famous Battle of Agincourt, was the inner war of complex contradictions of “King Henry the Great and Henry V.” As a king of one country, Henry’s extreme concern for the justice of war and his omission of responsibility for war reflect the thinking and perplexity of Western Europe on the issues of the justness of the war and the national war power in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. In the game between Christian pacifism and Augustine’s just war view, the entire play challenges the war power from the perspective of Christian conscience and heralds the long and painful and irreconcilable trend that must be experienced by modern international military law and humanitarian law.