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背景:中国处于青春期年龄的男女青少年占总人口的1/5,他们对性问题有许多心理困惑、烦恼甚至疾病。目的:研究青少年学生的性生理、性心理、性知识、性教育等方面发展的现状以及规律。设计:以中小学生为研究对象的横断面调查研究。单位:一所市级医院青春期门诊。对象:以2001-11/12大连市3所中学920名年龄14～19岁的学生为研究对象。方法:参考初、高中学生性心理教育状况调查表,自行编制调查问卷,随机抽取班级,个人采取自愿的原则进行匿名问卷调查。主要观察指标:①月经初潮及首次遗精年龄。②男女学生对与性有关的提问回答情况及差异。结果:青少年学生性生理表现为女生月经初潮平均年龄为12.96岁,男生首次遗经平均年龄为13.89岁,与国内的类似研究结果相一致。学生手淫和性冲动的发生及频率男生显著高于女生。青少年男女生在性观念和性知识了解方面表现为显著性差异。与异性交往的意愿远远高于实际发生率。结论:青少年对性知识了解不尽人意。学生对学校性教育也不是十分满意,应结合社会力量加强学校对青少年学生的教育。
Background: As young adolescent girls and adolescents in China account for about one-fifth of the total population, they have many psychological puzzles, worries and even diseases on sexual issues. Objective: To study the status quo and laws of sexual development, sexual psychology, sexual knowledge, sexual education and other aspects of young students. Design: a cross-sectional survey of primary and secondary students as the research object. Unit: a municipal hospital adolescent clinic. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 920 students aged 14 to 19 from 3 middle schools in Dalian City from November to December 12, 2001 were selected as research subjects. Methods: According to questionnaire of sexual psychology education in primary and secondary high school students, self-prepared questionnaire, randomly selected classes, individuals volunteered to conduct anonymous questionnaire survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Menarche and first spermatorrhea age. ② male and female students to answer the questions and sex-related questions and differences. Results: The sexual performance of adolescent students showed that the mean age of menarche in girls was 12.96 years old, and the average age of boys first age was 13.89 years old, which was consistent with the similar results in China. The incidence and frequency of masturbation and sexual impulses were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Teen boys and girls showed significant differences in understanding of sexual attitudes and sexual knowledge. Willingness to deal with the opposite sex is much higher than the actual incidence. Conclusion: Adolescents do not know much about sexual knowledge. Students are not satisfied with school sex education either. They should strengthen their education of young students in combination with social forces.