Insulin resistance is an important feature of type 2 diabetes and obesity.The underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance are still unclear.Mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial loss and over-production of oxidants, has been suggested to be involved in insulin resistance.Increasing evidence suggests that targeting mitochondria to protect mitochondria function could prevent and ameliorate various diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction to form a unique medicine,i.e., mitochondrial medicine.