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Background and purpose: Elevated extracellular free fatty acids (FFAs) can induce tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy(DN).The progression of DN correlates best with tubular epithelial apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis.However, molecular mechanisms of FFA-induced tubular epithelial cell apoptosis are not clear.Electrontransfer flavoprotein (ETF) accepts electrons from the oxidation of fattyacids.Point mutations of ETFβ have been found in the renal cortex of spontaneous Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) diabetic rats.