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Sleep, brain and ability to interact with the environment change a lot over the first year of life;however, there are few studies on the possible influence of different types of communications on the organization of subsequent behaviour and sleep-wake cycle in infants.The role of the continuity of a contingent communication on the crying and smiling behaviour (Cecchini et al., 2007, 2010, 2011), on the capacity to recognise the previously known face (Cecchini el al., 201 la) and on the subsequent wake sleep cycle (Cecchini et al., in revision), will be presented and critically discussed with the recent literature.The newborns of the reported studies were randomly assigned to different groups in order to manipulate the variable communication: Continuous communication;Discontinuous non Periodic communication;Discontinuous-Periodic communication;Absent communication.The findings suggest that since birth, different continuity levels of a communication may affect affective behaviours and organization of behavioural states.Implications for developmental health of child from a neurobiological perspective (Dehaene-Lambertz et al., 2002;Fifer et al., 2010) and the possible link with the mechanism of "gene methylation" will be discussed.Cecchini, M., Lai, C., Langher, V.(2007) Communication and Cry in newborns.Infant Behavior and Development, 30, 655-665.Cecchini, M., Lai, C., Langher, V.(2010) Dysphonic newborn cries allow prediction of their perceived meaning.Infant Behavior and Development, 33, 314-320.Cecchini M, Baroni E, Di Vito C, Piccolo F, Lai C.(201 la) Newborn preference for a new face vs.a previously seen communicative or motionless face.Infant Behavior and Development, 34, 424-433.Cecchini M, Baroni E, Di Vito C, Lai C.(2011) Smiling in newborns during communicative wake and active sleep.Infant Behavior and Development, 34, 417-423.Cecchini M, Baroni E, Di Vito C, Piccolo F, Aceto P, Lai C.(2011) Effects of different types of contingent tactile stimulation on crying smiling and sleep in newborns: an observational study.In revision on Developmental Psychobiology Dehaene-Lambertz, G, Dehaene, S, Hertz-Pannier, L.(2002) Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in infants, Science, 298, 2013-2015.Fifer, W.P., Byrd, D.L., Kaku, M., Eigisti, I.M., Isler, J.R., Grose-Fifer, J., Tarullo, A.R.& Balsam, P.D.(2010) Newborn infants learn during sleep.PNAS, 107, 10321-10323.