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本文探讨了二至五年级维吾尔族双语儿童汉语语音意识的发展特点。研究结果表明:(1)从不同表征单元的语音意识发展顺序看,最小表征单元(音位意识)的发展早于较大表征单元(音节意识、首音意识和韵脚意识)的发展。(2)不同语音意识在不同年级阶段的发展趋势是不同的:音位意识和音节意识的发展一直随着年级不断提高;在三、四年级之间,首音、韵脚意识发展趋于稳定,声调意识下降;四年级以后语音意识整体提升。(3)声调意识发展晚于音位意识,并且在后续语音意识发展中,一直处于发展速度最慢、发展水平最低的状态。从中可以看出,维吾尔族双语儿童汉语语音意识的发展表现出与汉族儿童不同的特点。
This article explores the developmental characteristics of Chinese phonetic awareness of Uyghur bilingual children in grades two through five. The results show that: (1) Judging from the order of development of phonological awareness of different representative units, the development of the smallest phonological unit (phonological awareness) is earlier than that of the larger representative unit (syllable awareness, phonological awareness and rhyme awareness). (2) The development trend of different phonological awareness in different grade stages is different: the development of phonemic awareness and syllable awareness has been continuously improved with grade; between the third and fourth grade, the development of phonological awareness and rhyming awareness tends to be stable, The awareness of tone decreased; after the fourth grade, the overall awareness of voice increased. (3) The development of tone awareness is later than that of phonemic awareness, and in the subsequent development of phonological awareness, it has been in the slowest development and the lowest level of development. It can be seen that the development of Chinese Uyghur bilingual children’s Chinese phonological awareness shows different characteristics from Han children.