论文部分内容阅读
Introduction: Individual differences in psychological relationships to time are the fundamental construction of time perspective.Research suggests that time perspective is related to mindfulness.Mindfulness may affect the relationship between time perspective and mental health.The questions are whether balancing time perspective predicts mental health well-being and whether mindfulness intervention would have an effect on mental health and time perspective.According to a recent COVID-19 pandemic situation,and considering several individual differences that might significantly have an effect on the psychological impact across student populations,such as time perspective,perceived stress,anxiety,and depression.Given the seemingly infinite complexity of people’s relationships with the nature of time,mindfulness and a balanced time perspective are becoming the focus of attention.When aiming to define optimal psychological health promoting time perspective,the ZTPI(Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory)lacks a present related subscale that is characterized by increasing awareness nonjudgmentally to respond to inner and outer stimuli.Since mindfulness is often related to being fully present in the moment and it is related to many mental health-promoting outcomes,we argue that mindfulness is the most appropriate variable that has an effect on TP measurements and mental health.The objective of the current study was to examine the relationships between time perspective and mental health and the effects of mindfulness intervention on time perspective and mental health.Methodology: This research is divided into two studies.Data were collected from international students through questionnaire survey that contains Zimbardo Time Perspective inventory(ZTPI),Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)and Perceived Stress Scale(PSS-14)to test the relationship between time perspective and mental health in study 1.In study 2,22 individuals out of 37 were enrolled in a mindfulness intervention program to investigate the effect of mindfulness intervention on time perspective and mental health.They have completed a short version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory,the Mindfulness Attention Aware Scale(MAAS-15)and the Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Scale(DASS-21).Of which 19 college/university students were completed one-month mindfulness intervention program and have completed the same questionnaire at time point 2.Results: Findings from Study 1 showed a strong positive relation between Past Negative TP with anxiety,depression and perceived stress.PF also showed significant relation with anxiety.While TP dimensions PP and F negatively significant with depression.Findings from Study 2suggest that mindfulness plays a crucial role in decreasing negative time perspective particularly PN and PF with the increase of F time perspective.While declination in mean differences was observed among mental health predictors;stress,anxiety and depression after mindfulness intervention.Conclusion: Our study illustrates the time perspective that specifically predicts mental health.Balancing in one’s own temporal perspective decreases the chances of being mentally sick.Mindfulness interventions alters time perspective and mental health,which suggests that mindfulness plays really important role not only in balancing the time perspective but also in fostering good mental health.We suggest that mindfulness intervention is effective and it alters in time perspective as well as mental health by being in the present moment.