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等距姬蜂属Hypsicera隶属于膜翅目Hymenoptera细腰亚目Apocrita姬蜂科Ichneumonidae盾脸姬蜂亚科Metopiinae,世界各大动物区系均有分布,已知63种,中国记录14种。该属昆虫为鳞翅目Lepidoptera昆虫的容性内寄生蜂,在农林害虫的自然控制中发挥着重要的作用。然而我国等距姬蜂属尚缺乏系统的研究,该属种间形态差异小,仅依靠形态特征鉴定存在困难。为此,本研究综合形态学和分子数据,对该属进行分类和系统发育分析。本研究通过对采自我国云南、广东、河北、海南、浙江、西藏、陕西、四川等地的等距姬蜂属Hypsicera标本进行整理,扩增了358条线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase subunit I,COI)基因序列,利用物种界定分析软件ABGD(Automatic barcode gap discovery)对185条单一序列进行分子鉴定分析,并分别使用最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood,ML)、邻接法(Neighbor-Joining,NJ)、以及贝叶斯法(Baysian Inference,BI)构建系统发育树。结合形态学特征,共确定了50种,其中包括35新种,4中国新记录种,并编制等距姬蜂属分种检索表,每种附有鉴定特征图,主要结果如下:新种:角等距姬蜂Hypsicera cornis sp.n.,长柄等距姬蜂Hypsicera longipetiolata sp.n.,光脸等距姬蜂Hypsicera glabifacies sp.n.,黄脸等距姬蜂Hypsicera flavifacies sp.n.,凹窝等距姬蜂Hypsicera foveata sp.n.,平坦等距姬蜂Hypsicera plata sp.n.,凹脸等距姬蜂Hypsicera foveaifacies sp.n.,奇异等距姬蜂Hypsicera aliena sp.n.,双脊等距姬蜂Hypsicera bicarina sp.n.,长节等距姬蜂Hypsicera longiflagella sp.n.,短节等距姬蜂Hypsicera breviantenna sp.n.,云南等距姬蜂Hypsicera yunnanensis sp.n.,许氏等距姬蜂Hypsicera xui sp.n.,短跗等距姬蜂Hypsicera brevitarsa sp.n.,勐海等距姬蜂Hypsicera menghaiensis sp.n.,马关等距姬蜂Hypsicera maguanensis sp.n.,光顶等距姬蜂Hypsicera glabivertexa sp.n.,长沟等距姬蜂Hypsicera longisulca sp.n.,中华等距姬蜂Hypsicera sinensis sp.n.,点皱等距姬蜂Hypsicera punctirugosa sp.n.,细皱等距姬蜂Hypsicera microrugosa sp.n.,布朗等距姬蜂Hypsicera bulangensis sp.n.,长等距姬蜂Hypsicera longa sp.n.,铜铃山等距姬蜂Hypsicera tonglingensis sp.n.,陈氏等距姬蜂Hypsicera cheni sp.n.,四川等距姬蜂Hypsicera sichuanensis sp.n.,细刻等距姬蜂Hypsicera micropuncta sp.n.,长毛等距姬蜂Hypsicera longipilosa sp.n.,黄足等距姬蜂Hypsicera flavipes sp.n.,短足等距姬蜂Hypsicera brevipes sp.n.,褐跗等距姬蜂Hypsicera fuscitarsa sp.n.,多毛等距姬蜂Hypsicera hirsuta sp.n.,短背等距姬蜂Hypsicera brevitergites sp.n.,大眼等距姬蜂Hypsicera giganteiocellusa sp.n.,广东等距姬蜂Hypsicera guangdongensis sp.n.。中国新记录种:东方等距姬蜂Hypsicera orientalis Tolkanitz,1995,后叉等距姬蜂Hypsicera postfurcalis Kusigemati,1971,吉野等距姬蜂Hypsicera yoshimotoi Momoi&Kusigemati,1970,栉等距姬蜂Hypsicera intermedia Momoi&Kusigemati,1970。