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基于市民社会中的当事人意思自治原则,国际商事仲裁协议的拟定呈现出多元化态势。而国际商事仲裁的管辖权以仲裁协议为纲,这意味着仲裁庭与法院在认定仲裁管辖权时有必要就仲裁协议进行解释,以确定系争仲裁条款的真实含义及其范围。域外各国法院在仲裁司法监督过程中,基于判例的累积而确立了对宽泛性仲裁条款与限缩性仲裁条款的区分。Gary Born从学理角度对实践中的仲裁协议范围解释进行了公式化分类,但海事仲裁中的“if any”类仲裁条款显然需结合个案语境独立判断。我国实践对仲裁协议的解释问题经历了从漠视到关注,从否定到支持的过程,这对提升仲裁公信力、避免仲裁裁决因超裁而被撤销具有现实意义。
Based on the principle of party autonomy in civil society, the formulation of an agreement on international commercial arbitration shows a diversified situation. However, the jurisdiction of international commercial arbitration is based on the arbitration agreement. This means that it is necessary for the arbitral tribunal and the court to interpret the arbitration agreement when determining the jurisdiction of arbitration in order to determine the true meaning and scope of the arbitration clause. In the process of judicial supervision of arbitration, the courts in other countries outside the territory have established the distinction between the general arbitration clause and the restrictive arbitration clause based on the accumulation of cases. Gary Born formally classifies the interpretation of the scope of the arbitration agreement in practice from the academic point of view, but the arbitration clause of “if any” in maritime arbitration obviously needs to be judged independently based on the individual case context. Our country’s practice of interpreting arbitration agreements has gone through a process of disregard to concern, from negation to support, which is of great practical significance in enhancing the credibility of arbitration and avoiding the arbitration award being overturned.