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黄酮类化合物是植物特有的多酚类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、改善血液循环等生理功能,在保健品、化妆品和医药等方面具有广阔的应用前景。黄酮类化合物主要通过植物提取制备,受时间空间及植物种类等因素限制,且分离纯化步骤复杂,产率较低。随着合成生物学与代谢工程的发展,构建黄酮类物质的生物合成代谢途径线路,并对基因来源、基因序列、基因组合方式、菌株底盘改造等方面进行筛选和优化已取得较大成果。现已能用工程酵母和大肠杆菌等微生物合成二氢黄酮、黄酮、异黄酮、黄酮醇、花色素和黄烷酮等黄酮类化合物,在此基础上还可经甲基化酶或糖基化酶修饰,增加新的生物活性。综述了目前国内外微生物合成各类黄酮类物质的研究进展,并对将来的发展趋势进行了讨论和分析。
Flavonoids are plant-specific polyphenols, with anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, improve blood circulation and other physiological functions, in health products, cosmetics and medicine has broad application prospects. Flavonoids are mainly produced by plant extracts, which are limited by factors such as time and space and plant species. The isolation and purification steps are complicated and the yield is low. With the development of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, the biosynthetic metabolic pathway of flavonoids has been established, and great achievements have been made in screening and optimizing gene sources, gene sequences, gene combinations and strain transformation of the strains. It is now possible to synthesize flavonoids such as flavonoids, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, anthocyanidins and flavanones using microorganisms such as engineered yeast and Escherichia coli, and on the basis of which methylase or glycosylation Enzyme modification, adding new biological activity. The research progress of various flavonoids synthesis by microorganisms at home and abroad is reviewed, and the future development trends are discussed and analyzed.