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19世纪60年代,由于帝国主义的染指、干涉,加剧了西北边疆的混乱与纷争,民族分裂势力引发的边疆危机开始显现并扩散。清政府坚持军事平叛与外交谈判、经济开发三者相辅相成的对策,并以新疆建省,以巡抚制取代军府制,有效化解了危机,确保了在晚清70余年时间内,西北边疆未从中华民族大家庭中分离出去。其根本原因,在于自清初以来继承和发展起来的“大一统”思想影响深刻,深入人心,使中华民族共同体内各民族产生强烈的内聚力,而边疆的动乱违背了各民族的共同意愿,损害各民族的共同利益,必然会遭到大多数民众的排斥与唾弃。
In the 1860s, as imperialism drew and interfered, it intensified the chaos and strife in the northwestern frontier. The border crisis triggered by ethnic separatism began to appear and spread. The Qing government persevered in the counter-terrorism military rebellion and diplomatic negotiations, economic development and the three mutually reinforcing countermeasures, and to build a province in Xinjiang, the governor replaced the military system to effectively resolve the crisis, to ensure that in more than 70 years in the late Qing Dynasty, the northwestern frontier Separated from the family of the Chinese nation. The fundamental reason lies in the fact that the “unified” thinking inherited and developed since the beginning of the Qing dynasty had a profound impact and deeply rooted in people’s hearts, resulting in a strong cohesion among all ethnic groups in the Chinese nation. The unrest in the border runs counter to the common aspiration of all ethnic groups , Damaging the common interests of all ethnic groups will inevitably be rejected and cast aside by the majority of the public.