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本文从语义和使用条件两方面对几个常用词语“晚上、夜里”;“愿意”;“主动”进行了分析。对比了“晚上”和“夜里”在所表示时间上的差异;发现了“愿意”除了基本语义以外还有“奉献、牺牲、损失”的潜在语义,这个潜在语义限制了该词语的使用条件。发现了“主动”的行为常常具有“奉献、冒险、谦虚”的意味。剖析了留学生在学习、使用这些词语时常常犯错误的原因。说明在教学和教材编写中,既要讲明词语的基本义,也要讲清楚词语的潜在义和使用条件,这样才能指导留学生正确地掌握汉语、克服母语负迁移和对汉语词语的语义把握不准造成的错误。
This article analyzes semantics and usage conditions from several commonly used terms: “night, night”; “willing”; “active”. Contrasts the differences in time represented between “night” and “night”; finds the latent semantics of “willing ” in addition to the basic semantics “devotion, sacrifice, loss Limit the terms of use of the term. Discovering ”active“ behavior often has the meaning of ”dedication, adventure, modesty." An analysis of the reasons why foreign students often make mistakes in learning and using these words. It shows that we should not only clarify the basic meaning of words but also the potential meaning and conditions of use of words in order to instruct them to master Chinese correctly and overcome negative transfer of mother tongue and semantic grasp of Chinese words Allowed to make mistakes.