迄今,核酸疫苗免疫诱导效力偏低,是限制其实际应用的原因之一。尽管目前发展了许多策略,在不同程度上提高了核酸疫苗的免疫效力,但仍然未达到可供实用化的理想效果。而且,质粒载体长期在宿主细胞中存留,存在着可能与宿主细胞染色体DNA随机整合和细胞转化的潜在危险[1]。此外,外 So far, the low efficacy of DNA vaccines in inducing immunity has been one of the reasons that limit their practical application. Although many strategies have been developed to improve the immunological efficacy of nucleic acid vaccine to varying degrees, the ideal effect for practical application has not yet been reached. Moreover, the plasmid vector persists in the host cell for a long time, and there is a potential risk of random integration with the host cell chromosomal DNA and cell transformation [1]. In addition, outside