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随着我国石油资源不断开发,原油由普通原油向稠油或超稠油转变,原油中胶质、沥青质、蜡等含量不断增加,使得原油的粘度变高,密度增大,凝点变高,原油的输送管道以及能耗增大,因而稠油具有密度大、粘度高,常温下很容易凝结等特点。原油的管道运输因其长距离,运输量大、污染小、环保等特点被广泛应用。降低管道运输阻力是降低管道运输成本最有效的措施,主要方法是降低稠油粘度。本文对管道输送降低粘度的方法进行了介绍,并分析了每种方法的优缺点及可行性,为管道运输降阻技术的选择提供了依据。
With the continuous development of China’s oil resources, crude oil from heavy crude oil to heavy oil or heavy oil changes, crude oil gum, asphaltene, wax and other content increases, making crude oil viscosity increases, the density increases, the freezing point becomes high , Crude oil pipeline and increased energy consumption, heavy oil with density, high viscosity, very easy to condense at room temperature and so on. Crude oil pipeline transportation because of its long distance, heavy traffic, pollution, environmental protection and other characteristics are widely used. Reducing the pipeline resistance is the most effective measure to reduce the cost of pipeline transportation. The main method is to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. This paper introduces the method of reducing the viscosity of pipeline transportation, analyzes the advantages, disadvantages and feasibility of each method, and provides the basis for the choice of pipeline resistance reduction technology.