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哮喘是一种常见疾病,约有5％～10％的成人患病;哮喘常呈进行性,导致80％的老年患者出现不可逆性气道阻塞;而且哮喘的病情复杂,常合并其他肺部疾病。以下4个独立的病理因素可导致肺功能的丧失:①哮喘特征性的淋巴细胞或嗜酸粒细胞炎症所致的气道,特别是小气道的重塑;②支气管扩张;③感染后肺纤维化;④因吸烟导致的肺气肿和慢性支气管炎。肺功能恶化的速度在非变应性、内源性哮喘患者发作之后的短时期内,以及老年患者中发展较快。约4％的患者死于哮喘,多数为老年患者,死亡原因主要是由于并发不可逆的阻塞或者是支气管扩张药物的心血管毒性。目前迫切需要对以下问题进行深入研究:改进治疗以预防小气道重塑;确定支气管扩张和炎症后纤维化的频率及原因;
Asthma is a common disease, about 5% to 10% of adults sick; asthma often progressive, resulting in 80% of elderly patients with irreversible airway obstruction; and the disease is complicated by asthma, often associated with other lung diseases . The following four independent pathological factors can lead to loss of lung function: ① asthma characterized by lymphocytic or eosinophilic inflammation of the airways, especially small airway remodeling; ② bronchiectasis; ③ pulmonary fibers after infection ; ④ due to smoking caused by emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The rate of deterioration of lung function develops rapidly in non-allergic, short-term after episodes of endogenous asthma, and in elderly patients. About 4% of patients die of asthma, most of them elderly patients, the main cause of death is due to concurrent irreversible obstruction or bronchodilator cardiovascular toxicity. There is an urgent need to conduct further studies on the following issues: improving treatment to prevent small airway remodeling; determining the frequency and causes of bronchiectasis and post-inflammatory fibrosis;