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罗马契约法是一种形式契约体系,其契约在结构上可以分为内在的协议与外在形式两个方面,而契约的效力便在于当事人协议与外在合法形式的结合。在罗马契约发展史上,契约法经历了从注重形式到注重协议的转变过程,但形式契约体系并未瓦解。历史环境的变化,造成了我们对罗马契约制度的众多误解。对罗马契约结构的分析,有利于判定契约的效力,认定契约的属性,厘清契约之间的区别与联系,最终有助于我们正确处理西方法律的移植问题。
The Roman Contract Law is a formal contract system whose contract can be divided into two parts: the internal agreement and the external form. The validity of the contract lies in the combination of the parties’ agreement and the external legal form. In the history of the Roman contract, the contract law has undergone a shift from emphasis on form to agreement, but the formal contract system did not collapse. The changes in the historical environment have caused many misunderstandings about the Rome contract system. The analysis of Roman contract structure helps to determine the validity of the contract, identify the nature of the contract, clarify the differences and connections between the contracts, and ultimately help us to correctly handle the transplanting of Western law.