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ISSR标记技术因具有很高的多肽性而被广泛应用于遗传多样性研究。进行菜用大豆品种多样性研究将有助于育种家进行杂交亲本的合理选配。采用ISSR标记技术对37个菜用大豆品种(系)和13个普通大豆品种(系)进行了分类研究。结果表明:50个ISSR引物中有11个引物没有多肽性,其他39个引物共产生132条谱带,其中81条多肽性谱带,占61.4%。引物扩增的谱带数在1~7条之间,大小为830~3530 bp.每个引物平均扩增的谱带数和多肽性带数分别为3.3和2.1。聚类分析结果表明,可将供试的50个品种划分为3个类组,扁茎大豆Taikadai-zu单独一组,7个普通大豆(多数为中国选育)划归为B组,C组由日本菜用大豆和4个普通大豆组成。C组还可以划分成若干亚组,同一亚组的品种具有相似的性状,比如有一亚组的品种均是褐脐、茶色种皮、白花、不易炸荚。系选的品种和原始品种在分类图中也显示出其密切的亲缘关系。基于ISSR标记的分类可以反映菜用大豆的遗传关系,菜用大豆和普通大豆之间存在遗传多样性,合理保存菜用大豆种质将有助于未来大豆品质改良计划。
ISSR marker technology is widely used in genetic diversity because of its high polypeptide. The research on the diversity of vegetable soybean varieties will help breeders rational selection of hybrid parents. ISSR markers were used to classify 37 vegetable soybean varieties (lines) and 13 common soybean varieties (lines). The results showed that 11 out of 50 ISSR primers were nonpolypeptide, and the other 39 primers generated 132 bands, of which 81 bands were 61.4%. The number of bands amplified by primers was between 1 and 7, and the size ranged from 830 to 3530 bp. The average number of amplified bands and the number of peptidyl bands per primer was 3.3 and 2.1, respectively. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the 50 cultivars could be divided into three groups. One group of Taikadai-zu and one group of seven common soybean (mostly Chinese) were divided into group B and group C Made from Japanese vegetable and 4 ordinary soybeans. C group can also be divided into several subgroups, the same subgroup varieties have similar traits, such as a subgroup of varieties are brown umbilical, brown seed coat, white flowers, not easy to fried pods. Selected species and the original species in the classification map also shows its close genetic relationship. The classification based on ISSR markers can reflect the genetic relationship of vegetable soybean, the genetic diversity between vegetable soybean and common soybean, and the rational preservation of vegetable soybean germplasm will contribute to the future soybean quality improvement plan.