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目的分析2005—2014年我国1 248家煤矿新发尘肺病的分布特征。方法采用常规资料分析方法,对1 248家煤矿3 631例新发尘肺病病例资料进行分析。结果 3 631例新发尘肺病病例中,男性3 629例,女性2例;尘肺病壹期3 154例(占86.9%),尘肺病贰期432例(占11.9%),尘肺病叁期45例(占1.2%);开始接尘年代主要集中在20世纪70~90年代,共2 514例(占69.2%);接尘工龄中位数(M)和第25、75百分位数(P25,P75)为22.0(15.5,28.0)年,诊断年龄M(P25,P75)为48.8(43.6,56.4)岁,接尘工龄和诊断年龄均呈随接尘年代的延后而下降趋势(P<0.01);工种以煤矿混合工、掘进工和采煤工为主,共3 498例(占96.3%),其中主采煤工的接尘工龄最短(P<0.05)。结论当前我国煤矿尘肺病发病形势严峻,接尘工龄和诊断年龄呈下降趋势,应加强对煤矿企业的监督管理工作。
Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of new-onset pneumoconiosis in 1 248 coal mines in China from 2005 to 2014. Methods The routine data analysis method was used to analyze the data of 3 631 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases in 1 248 coal mines. Results Among 3 631 new-onset pneumoconiosis cases, 3 629 were male and 2 were female; 3 154 cases of pneumoconiosis (86.9%), 432 cases of pneumoconiosis II (11.9%), 45 cases of pneumoconiosis (Accounting for 1.2%); the dust-collecting years mainly concentrated in the 1970s and 1990s, a total of 2 514 cases (accounting for 69.2%); the median age (M) and 25th and 75th percentile (P25, P75) was 22.0 (15.5,28.0) years, the diagnostic age was P (P25, P75) was 48.8 (43.6,56.4) years old, and both the service life and diagnosis age were decreased with the delay of the dust- <0.01). There were 3 498 (96.3%) coal miners, diggers and coal miners, with the shortest dust pick-up time for the main coal miners (P <0.05). Conclusion At present, the situation of pneumoconiosis in coal mines in China is grim, and the length of service and diagnosis of dust collection are on a downward trend. Supervision and management of coal mining enterprises should be strengthened.