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目的掌握2007—2011年深圳市龙岗区布吉辖区企业职业卫生现状,为今后职业卫生监督管理提供科学依据。方法依据国家职业卫生标准及规范,对辖区内所有企业2007—2011年职业卫生状况进行调查,对职业性有害因素的浓度和强度进行检测,对接触职业性有害因素的工人进行健康检查。结果至2011年底布吉辖区存在职业性有害因素的企业135家(占辖区现有企业12.90%),主要职业性有害因素包括有机溶剂、粉尘、噪声等。2007—2011年有机溶剂检测1 370个点,合格率为96.50%;粉尘检测264个点,合格率为95.83%;噪声检测532个点,合格率为62.22%。不同行业的职业性有害因素合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。共发生职业病5例(包括2例职业中毒),疑似职业病1例。各职业性有害因素接触企业的防护设施设置率和个体防护率处于缓慢增长趋势,接触职业性有害因素的劳动者岗前及离岗职业健康检查率较低。结论该辖区企业职业卫生状况存在较多问题,应加强职业卫生监督管理,按规定做好职业卫生监测和职业健康监护工作。
Objective To grasp the status of occupational health in enterprises in Buji district, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 2007-2011, and to provide scientific basis for future occupational health supervision and management. Methods Based on the national occupational health standards and norms, the occupational health status of all the enterprises in the area from 2007 to 2011 was investigated. The concentrations and intensities of occupational harmful factors were tested, and the workers exposed to occupational harmful factors were inspected for their health. Results As of the end of 2011, there were 135 enterprises (occupying 12.90% of existing enterprises in the area) in Buji Prefecture. Occupational hazards include organic solvents, dust, noise and so on. From 2007 to 2011, 1 370 points were detected in organic solvents, with a pass rate of 96.50%; 264 points of dust detection with a pass rate of 95.83%; 532 points of noise detection with a pass rate of 62.22%. The occupational harmful factors in different industries pass rate, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). A total of 5 cases of occupational diseases (including 2 cases of occupational poisoning), 1 case of suspected occupational diseases. Occupationally-harmful factors The exposure rate of protective facilities and the rate of individual protection in contact with enterprises are at a slow-growing trend. Occupationally exposed workers have lower rates of pre-job and post-occupational occupational health examinations. Conclusion There are many problems in the occupational health status of enterprises in this area. Occupational health supervision and management should be strengthened, and occupational health monitoring and occupational health monitoring should be done according to the regulations.