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目的了解陶瓷粉尘对接尘工人健康的危害,为进一步规范陶瓷企业的职业卫生管理工作,预防职业病的发生提供科学的依据。方法 2014年对广东省佛山市高明区某陶瓷洁具厂进行职业卫生学调查,同时对该厂1 599名接尘工人和433名非接尘工人进行职业健康检查,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果接尘工人中有504名检出有呼吸系统疾病,检出率为31.52%;非接尘工人中41名检出有呼吸系统疾病,检出率为9.47%;差异有统计学意义(χ~2=84.41,P<0.05)。接尘组胸部高仟伏照片显示异常306名,异常率为19.14%;对照组胸部高仟伏照片显示异常35名,异常率为8.08%;两组异常率的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=29.81,P<0.05)。接尘组肺功能异常253名,占15.82%;非接尘组肺功能异常为9名,占2.08%;差异有统计学意义(χ~2=57.31,P<0.05)。结论陶瓷粉尘是损害劳动者健康的职业性危害因素。
Objective To understand the health hazards of ceramic dust on workers exposed to dust, in order to further standardize the occupational health management of ceramic enterprises to prevent occupational diseases to provide a scientific basis. Methods In 2014, we investigated the occupational health of a ceramic sanitary ware factory located in Gaoming District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province. At the same time, we conducted occupational health examinations for 1,599 workers exposed to dust and 433 workers exposed to dust, and analyzed the results statistically. Results Among the workers exposed to dust, 504 were detected respiratory diseases, the detection rate was 31.52%; 41 non-workers exposed to respiratory diseases, the detection rate was 9.47%; the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 84.41, P <0.05). There were 306 cases of abnormally high thoracic volt in the thoracic and thoracic cavity, and the abnormality rate was 19.14%. In the control group, there were 35 cases of abnormally high thoracic volt in the chest, the abnormal rate was 8.08%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 29.81, P <0.05). There were 253 lung dysfunction in the dust-receiving group (15.82%), 9 in the non-dust-receiving group (2.08%), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 57.31, P <0.05). Conclusion Ceramic dust is a harmful occupational hazard to workers’ health.