论文部分内容阅读
摘 要:定语从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分,在高考中所占比例很大,无论单选,改错,还是阅读中,学生在理解中有难度。笔者从学生易错易混淆的知识点入手,对难点进行针对性的深入对比及分析。
关键词:定语从句;实例;解析
全国高考英语卷对三大从句(定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)的考查一直以来都占了相当大的比例。这三类从句按其作用又可以分为成为:形容词性从句、名词性从句和副词性从句。高考对这类复合句的考查的形式不仅体现在语法填空和改错中,还会渗透在每篇文章的长难句中,因此掌握这三大从句的使用至关重要。但是,由于受汉语思维的影响,学生们在平日学习过程中,依然不能十分准确地理解,掌握和使用这三大从句。尤其是定语从句,作为三大从句的重中之重。。因此,笔者针对这一情况归纳总结了定语从句高频考点及学生容易出错的典型例句,以强化学生对这一重点知识的理解和掌握。
易混考点一:关系代词与关系副词
1.I will never forget the day______I met you.(填关系副词when,先行词the day在定语从句作状语)
2.I will never forget the day______we spent together.(填关系代词that或which,先行词the day 在定语从句中作宾语)
总结:定语从句中的引导词分为关系代词与关系副词。基本判断依据为:当定语从句缺少主语或宾语时,选用关系代词;当定语从句主谓宾齐全时,选用关系副词。
例:1.Is this the factory______ you visited the other day?(填that或which)
2.Is this the factory______ your father once worked?(填where)
3.This film brought the days back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(填when)
4.This film brought the days back to me_____ I had spent with my good friends in that far-away village.(填that或which)
易混考點二:定语从句与并列句
1.He has written two novels,both of ___ has been translated into English.(填which,此句不含连词,which关系代词指代two novels)
2.He has written two novels,and both of ___ has been translated into English.(填them,此句为and连接的并列句)
总结:关键在于先判断是并列句还是复合句。并列句有and,but,so 等并列连词或分号连接,这时就不必再用关系词了。而定语从句中,关系词起着连接作用,不必再用and,but,so等连词了。
例:①He has three daughters,none of ____is an teacher.(whom)
②He has three daughters,but none of ____is a dancer.(them)
易混考点三:定语从句与状语从句
1. I will always remember the days _____ I lived with
my grandparents in the countryside.(填 when,when 引导定语从句,在从句中作状语)
2. I always remember the days in the countryside_____ I see the photo of my grandparents.(填 when,when 引导时间状语从句)
总结:定语从句与时间状语从句的主要区别在于:定语从句有表示时间的先行词,而时间状语从句则没有,状语从句用于修饰主句谓语动词。
例:1. We should go to the place ______is in need of help.
(填 which/that,关系代词 which/that 在从句中作主语)
2. We should go_____we were most needed.(填 where,where 引导地点状语从句)
易混考点四.定语从句与名词性从句
1.______has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(填Whoever,在此引导主语从句)
2. Anyone______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(填 who,在此引导定语从句并在从句中作主语)
3._____is known to everybody,the whale is not fish but mammal. (填 As,as 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰后面这句话的内容) 4._____is known to everybody that the whale is not fish but mammal .(此题答案为 It。it 作形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的从句)
5.He made a decision _____ annoyed his parents.(填that或which,decision 在从句中作主语)
总结:定语从句与同位语从句:定语从句是形容词性从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,用来修饰或限制前面的名词或代词;同位语从句是对前面的抽象名词进一步说明与解释,是名词的具体内容,属于名词性从句的范畴。
例(1)The news_______he told me was false.(that/不填)
(2)The news_____our team won the match is true.(that)
易混考点五:定语从句与强调句
1.It’s on that day _____people celebrated their victory.(填 that,构成强调句结构)
2.It’s a day _____ people celebrated their victory.(填 when引导定语从句,并在定语从句中充当状语)
3.It was in the room _______ we used to have meetings.(填 that,构成强调句结构)
4.It was a room _______ we used to have meetings.(填 where引导定语从句,并在定语从句中充当状语)
总结:定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于:强调句的结构为“It is/was+ 被强调部分 +that+ 从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that.这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when 或 where代替that。从结构上看,第 1和第3小题是强调句,填 that。此种情况检测的标准是:先把强调句中的“It is/was...that”去掉,再把被强调部分还原,在不增加或减少单词的情况下调整下语序,若句子仍然完整则为强调句,否则为定语从句。如:第1小题去掉强调结构,句子变成:People celebrated their victory on that day也是正确的,故为强调句。
参考文献
[1] 教育部. 普通高中英语课程标准 北京师范大学出版社
[2] 劉运光. 熟知定从三部曲,从此解题不畏惧 考点纵横[J]2016(7)
关键词:定语从句;实例;解析
全国高考英语卷对三大从句(定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)的考查一直以来都占了相当大的比例。这三类从句按其作用又可以分为成为:形容词性从句、名词性从句和副词性从句。高考对这类复合句的考查的形式不仅体现在语法填空和改错中,还会渗透在每篇文章的长难句中,因此掌握这三大从句的使用至关重要。但是,由于受汉语思维的影响,学生们在平日学习过程中,依然不能十分准确地理解,掌握和使用这三大从句。尤其是定语从句,作为三大从句的重中之重。。因此,笔者针对这一情况归纳总结了定语从句高频考点及学生容易出错的典型例句,以强化学生对这一重点知识的理解和掌握。
易混考点一:关系代词与关系副词
1.I will never forget the day______I met you.(填关系副词when,先行词the day在定语从句作状语)
2.I will never forget the day______we spent together.(填关系代词that或which,先行词the day 在定语从句中作宾语)
总结:定语从句中的引导词分为关系代词与关系副词。基本判断依据为:当定语从句缺少主语或宾语时,选用关系代词;当定语从句主谓宾齐全时,选用关系副词。
例:1.Is this the factory______ you visited the other day?(填that或which)
2.Is this the factory______ your father once worked?(填where)
3.This film brought the days back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(填when)
4.This film brought the days back to me_____ I had spent with my good friends in that far-away village.(填that或which)
易混考點二:定语从句与并列句
1.He has written two novels,both of ___ has been translated into English.(填which,此句不含连词,which关系代词指代two novels)
2.He has written two novels,and both of ___ has been translated into English.(填them,此句为and连接的并列句)
总结:关键在于先判断是并列句还是复合句。并列句有and,but,so 等并列连词或分号连接,这时就不必再用关系词了。而定语从句中,关系词起着连接作用,不必再用and,but,so等连词了。
例:①He has three daughters,none of ____is an teacher.(whom)
②He has three daughters,but none of ____is a dancer.(them)
易混考点三:定语从句与状语从句
1. I will always remember the days _____ I lived with
my grandparents in the countryside.(填 when,when 引导定语从句,在从句中作状语)
2. I always remember the days in the countryside_____ I see the photo of my grandparents.(填 when,when 引导时间状语从句)
总结:定语从句与时间状语从句的主要区别在于:定语从句有表示时间的先行词,而时间状语从句则没有,状语从句用于修饰主句谓语动词。
例:1. We should go to the place ______is in need of help.
(填 which/that,关系代词 which/that 在从句中作主语)
2. We should go_____we were most needed.(填 where,where 引导地点状语从句)
易混考点四.定语从句与名词性从句
1.______has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(填Whoever,在此引导主语从句)
2. Anyone______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(填 who,在此引导定语从句并在从句中作主语)
3._____is known to everybody,the whale is not fish but mammal. (填 As,as 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰后面这句话的内容) 4._____is known to everybody that the whale is not fish but mammal .(此题答案为 It。it 作形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的从句)
5.He made a decision _____ annoyed his parents.(填that或which,decision 在从句中作主语)
总结:定语从句与同位语从句:定语从句是形容词性从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,用来修饰或限制前面的名词或代词;同位语从句是对前面的抽象名词进一步说明与解释,是名词的具体内容,属于名词性从句的范畴。
例(1)The news_______he told me was false.(that/不填)
(2)The news_____our team won the match is true.(that)
易混考点五:定语从句与强调句
1.It’s on that day _____people celebrated their victory.(填 that,构成强调句结构)
2.It’s a day _____ people celebrated their victory.(填 when引导定语从句,并在定语从句中充当状语)
3.It was in the room _______ we used to have meetings.(填 that,构成强调句结构)
4.It was a room _______ we used to have meetings.(填 where引导定语从句,并在定语从句中充当状语)
总结:定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于:强调句的结构为“It is/was+ 被强调部分 +that+ 从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that.这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when 或 where代替that。从结构上看,第 1和第3小题是强调句,填 that。此种情况检测的标准是:先把强调句中的“It is/was...that”去掉,再把被强调部分还原,在不增加或减少单词的情况下调整下语序,若句子仍然完整则为强调句,否则为定语从句。如:第1小题去掉强调结构,句子变成:People celebrated their victory on that day也是正确的,故为强调句。
参考文献
[1] 教育部. 普通高中英语课程标准 北京师范大学出版社
[2] 劉运光. 熟知定从三部曲,从此解题不畏惧 考点纵横[J]2016(7)